target.c

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
/***************************************************************************
 *   Copyright (C) 2005 by Dominic Rath                                    *
 *   Dominic.Rath@gmx.de                                                   *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Øyvind Harboe                                 *
 *   oyvind.harboe@zylin.com                                               *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2008, Duane Ellis                                       *
 *   openocd@duaneeellis.com                                               *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2008 by Spencer Oliver                                  *
 *   spen@spen-soft.co.uk                                                  *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2008 by Rick Altherr                                    *
 *   kc8apf@kc8apf.net>                                                    *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2011 by Broadcom Corporation                            *
 *   Evan Hunter - ehunter@broadcom.com                                    *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) ST-Ericsson SA 2011                                     *
 *   michel.jaouen@stericsson.com : smp minimum support                    *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2011 Andreas Fritiofson                                 *
 *   andreas.fritiofson@gmail.com                                          *
 ***************************************************************************/
 
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif
 
#include <helper/align.h>
#include <helper/list.h>
#include <helper/nvp.h>
#include <helper/time_support.h>
#include <jtag/jtag.h>
#include <flash/nor/core.h>
 
#include "target.h"
#include "target_type.h"
#include "target_request.h"
#include "breakpoints.h"
#include "register.h"
#include "trace.h"
#include "image.h"
#include "rtos/rtos.h"
#include "transport/transport.h"
#include "arm_cti.h"
#include "smp.h"
#include "semihosting_common.h"
 
/* default halt wait timeout (ms) */
#define DEFAULT_HALT_TIMEOUT 5000
 
struct target_event_action {
    enum target_event event;
    Jim_Interp *interp;
    Jim_Obj *body;
    struct list_head list;
};
 
static int target_read_buffer_default(struct target *target, target_addr_t address,
        uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer);
static int target_write_buffer_default(struct target *target, target_addr_t address,
        uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer);
static int target_register_user_commands(struct command_context *cmd_ctx);
static int target_get_gdb_fileio_info_default(struct target *target,
        struct gdb_fileio_info *fileio_info);
static int target_gdb_fileio_end_default(struct target *target, int retcode,
        int fileio_errno, bool ctrl_c);
 
static struct target_type *target_types[] = {
    // Keep in alphabetic order this list of targets
    &aarch64_target,
    &arcv2_target,
    &arm11_target,
    &arm720t_target,
    &arm7tdmi_target,
    &arm920t_target,
    &arm926ejs_target,
    &arm946e_target,
    &arm966e_target,
    &arm9tdmi_target,
    &armv8r_target,
    &avr32_ap7k_target,
    &avr_target,
    &cortexa_target,
    &cortexm_target,
    &cortexr4_target,
    &dragonite_target,
    &dsp563xx_target,
    &dsp5680xx_target,
    &esirisc_target,
    &esp32s2_target,
    &esp32s3_target,
    &esp32_target,
    &fa526_target,
    &feroceon_target,
    &hla_target,
    &ls1_sap_target,
    &mem_ap_target,
    &mips_m4k_target,
    &mips_mips64_target,
    &or1k_target,
    &quark_d20xx_target,
    &quark_x10xx_target,
    &riscv_target,
    &stm8_target,
    &testee_target,
    &xscale_target,
    &xtensa_chip_target,
};
 
struct target *all_targets;
static struct target_event_callback *target_event_callbacks;
static struct target_timer_callback *target_timer_callbacks;
static int64_t target_timer_next_event_value;
static OOCD_LIST_HEAD(target_reset_callback_list);
static OOCD_LIST_HEAD(target_trace_callback_list);
static const int polling_interval = TARGET_DEFAULT_POLLING_INTERVAL;
static OOCD_LIST_HEAD(empty_smp_targets);
 
enum nvp_assert {
    NVP_DEASSERT,
    NVP_ASSERT,
};
 
static const struct nvp nvp_assert[] = {
    { .name = "assert", NVP_ASSERT },
    { .name = "deassert", NVP_DEASSERT },
    { .name = "T", NVP_ASSERT },
    { .name = "F", NVP_DEASSERT },
    { .name = "t", NVP_ASSERT },
    { .name = "f", NVP_DEASSERT },
    { .name = NULL, .value = -1 }
};
 
static const struct nvp nvp_error_target[] = {
    { .value = ERROR_TARGET_INVALID, .name = "err-invalid" },
    { .value = ERROR_TARGET_INIT_FAILED, .name = "err-init-failed" },
    { .value = ERROR_TARGET_TIMEOUT, .name = "err-timeout" },
    { .value = ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED, .name = "err-not-halted" },
    { .value = ERROR_TARGET_FAILURE, .name = "err-failure" },
    { .value = ERROR_TARGET_UNALIGNED_ACCESS, .name = "err-unaligned-access" },
    { .value = ERROR_TARGET_DATA_ABORT, .name = "err-data-abort" },
    { .value = ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE, .name = "err-resource-not-available" },
    { .value = ERROR_TARGET_TRANSLATION_FAULT, .name = "err-translation-fault" },
    { .value = ERROR_TARGET_NOT_RUNNING, .name = "err-not-running" },
    { .value = ERROR_TARGET_NOT_EXAMINED, .name = "err-not-examined" },
    { .value = -1, .name = NULL }
};
 
static const char *target_strerror_safe(int err)
{
    const struct nvp *n;
 
    n = nvp_value2name(nvp_error_target, err);
    if (!n->name)
        return "unknown";
    else
        return n->name;
}
 
static const struct nvp nvp_target_event[] = {
 
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_HALT, .name = "gdb-halt" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_HALTED, .name = "halted" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESUMED, .name = "resumed" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESUME_START, .name = "resume-start" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESUME_END, .name = "resume-end" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_STEP_START, .name = "step-start" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_STEP_END, .name = "step-end" },
 
    { .name = "gdb-start", .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_START },
    { .name = "gdb-end", .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_END },
 
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_START,         .name = "reset-start" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_ASSERT_PRE,    .name = "reset-assert-pre" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_ASSERT,        .name = "reset-assert" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_ASSERT_POST,   .name = "reset-assert-post" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_DEASSERT_PRE,  .name = "reset-deassert-pre" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_DEASSERT_POST, .name = "reset-deassert-post" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_INIT,          .name = "reset-init" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_END,           .name = "reset-end" },
 
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_EXAMINE_START, .name = "examine-start" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_EXAMINE_FAIL, .name = "examine-fail" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_EXAMINE_END, .name = "examine-end" },
 
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_DEBUG_HALTED, .name = "debug-halted" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_DEBUG_RESUMED, .name = "debug-resumed" },
 
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_ATTACH, .name = "gdb-attach" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_DETACH, .name = "gdb-detach" },
 
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_FLASH_WRITE_START, .name = "gdb-flash-write-start" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_FLASH_WRITE_END,   .name = "gdb-flash-write-end"   },
 
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_FLASH_ERASE_START, .name = "gdb-flash-erase-start" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_FLASH_ERASE_END,   .name = "gdb-flash-erase-end" },
 
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_TRACE_CONFIG, .name = "trace-config" },
 
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_SEMIHOSTING_USER_CMD_0X100, .name = "semihosting-user-cmd-0x100" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_SEMIHOSTING_USER_CMD_0X101, .name = "semihosting-user-cmd-0x101" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_SEMIHOSTING_USER_CMD_0X102, .name = "semihosting-user-cmd-0x102" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_SEMIHOSTING_USER_CMD_0X103, .name = "semihosting-user-cmd-0x103" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_SEMIHOSTING_USER_CMD_0X104, .name = "semihosting-user-cmd-0x104" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_SEMIHOSTING_USER_CMD_0X105, .name = "semihosting-user-cmd-0x105" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_SEMIHOSTING_USER_CMD_0X106, .name = "semihosting-user-cmd-0x106" },
    { .value = TARGET_EVENT_SEMIHOSTING_USER_CMD_0X107, .name = "semihosting-user-cmd-0x107" },
 
    { .name = NULL, .value = -1 }
};
 
static const struct nvp nvp_target_state[] = {
    { .name = "unknown", .value = TARGET_UNKNOWN },
    { .name = "running", .value = TARGET_RUNNING },
    { .name = "halted",  .value = TARGET_HALTED },
    { .name = "reset",   .value = TARGET_RESET },
    { .name = "debug-running", .value = TARGET_DEBUG_RUNNING },
    { .name = "unavailable", .value = TARGET_UNAVAILABLE },
    { .name = NULL, .value = -1 },
};
 
static const struct nvp nvp_target_debug_reason[] = {
    { .name = "debug-request",             .value = DBG_REASON_DBGRQ },
    { .name = "breakpoint",                .value = DBG_REASON_BREAKPOINT },
    { .name = "watchpoint",                .value = DBG_REASON_WATCHPOINT },
    { .name = "watchpoint-and-breakpoint", .value = DBG_REASON_WPTANDBKPT },
    { .name = "single-step",               .value = DBG_REASON_SINGLESTEP },
    { .name = "target-not-halted",         .value = DBG_REASON_NOTHALTED  },
    { .name = "program-exit",              .value = DBG_REASON_EXIT },
    { .name = "exception-catch",           .value = DBG_REASON_EXC_CATCH },
    { .name = "undefined",                 .value = DBG_REASON_UNDEFINED },
    { .name = NULL, .value = -1 },
};
 
static const struct nvp nvp_target_endian[] = {
    { .name = "big",    .value = TARGET_BIG_ENDIAN },
    { .name = "little", .value = TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN },
    { .name = "be",     .value = TARGET_BIG_ENDIAN },
    { .name = "le",     .value = TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN },
    { .name = NULL,     .value = -1 },
};
 
static const struct nvp nvp_reset_modes[] = {
    { .name = "unknown", .value = RESET_UNKNOWN },
    { .name = "run",     .value = RESET_RUN },
    { .name = "halt",    .value = RESET_HALT },
    { .name = "init",    .value = RESET_INIT },
    { .name = NULL,      .value = -1 },
};
 
const char *debug_reason_name(const struct target *t)
{
    const char *cp;
 
    cp = nvp_value2name(nvp_target_debug_reason,
            t->debug_reason)->name;
    if (!cp) {
        LOG_ERROR("Invalid debug reason: %d", (int)(t->debug_reason));
        cp = "(*BUG*unknown*BUG*)";
    }
    return cp;
}
 
const char *target_state_name(const struct target *t)
{
    const char *cp;
    cp = nvp_value2name(nvp_target_state, t->state)->name;
    if (!cp) {
        LOG_ERROR("Invalid target state: %d", (int)(t->state));
        cp = "(*BUG*unknown*BUG*)";
    }
 
    if (!target_was_examined(t) && t->defer_examine)
        cp = "examine deferred";
 
    return cp;
}
 
const char *target_event_name(enum target_event event)
{
    const char *cp;
    cp = nvp_value2name(nvp_target_event, event)->name;
    if (!cp) {
        LOG_ERROR("Invalid target event: %d", (int)(event));
        cp = "(*BUG*unknown*BUG*)";
    }
    return cp;
}
 
const char *target_reset_mode_name(enum target_reset_mode reset_mode)
{
    const char *cp;
    cp = nvp_value2name(nvp_reset_modes, reset_mode)->name;
    if (!cp) {
        LOG_ERROR("Invalid target reset mode: %d", (int)(reset_mode));
        cp = "(*BUG*unknown*BUG*)";
    }
    return cp;
}
 
static void append_to_list_all_targets(struct target *target)
{
    struct target **t = &all_targets;
 
    while (*t)
        t = &((*t)->next);
    *t = target;
}
 
/* read a uint64_t from a buffer in target memory endianness */
uint64_t target_buffer_get_u64(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
    if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
        return le_to_h_u64(buffer);
    else
        return be_to_h_u64(buffer);
}
 
/* read a uint32_t from a buffer in target memory endianness */
uint32_t target_buffer_get_u32(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
    if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
        return le_to_h_u32(buffer);
    else
        return be_to_h_u32(buffer);
}
 
/* read a uint24_t from a buffer in target memory endianness */
uint32_t target_buffer_get_u24(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
    if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
        return le_to_h_u24(buffer);
    else
        return be_to_h_u24(buffer);
}
 
/* read a uint16_t from a buffer in target memory endianness */
uint16_t target_buffer_get_u16(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
    if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
        return le_to_h_u16(buffer);
    else
        return be_to_h_u16(buffer);
}
 
/* write a uint64_t to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_set_u64(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint64_t value)
{
    if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
        h_u64_to_le(buffer, value);
    else
        h_u64_to_be(buffer, value);
}
 
/* write a uint32_t to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_set_u32(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t value)
{
    if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
        h_u32_to_le(buffer, value);
    else
        h_u32_to_be(buffer, value);
}
 
/* write a uint24_t to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_set_u24(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t value)
{
    if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
        h_u24_to_le(buffer, value);
    else
        h_u24_to_be(buffer, value);
}
 
/* write a uint16_t to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_set_u16(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint16_t value)
{
    if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
        h_u16_to_le(buffer, value);
    else
        h_u16_to_be(buffer, value);
}
 
/* write a uint8_t to a buffer in target memory endianness */
static void target_buffer_set_u8(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t value)
{
    *buffer = value;
}
 
/* write a uint64_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_get_u64_array(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, uint64_t *dstbuf)
{
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
        dstbuf[i] = target_buffer_get_u64(target, &buffer[i * 8]);
}
 
/* write a uint32_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_get_u32_array(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, uint32_t *dstbuf)
{
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
        dstbuf[i] = target_buffer_get_u32(target, &buffer[i * 4]);
}
 
/* write a uint16_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_get_u16_array(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, uint16_t *dstbuf)
{
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
        dstbuf[i] = target_buffer_get_u16(target, &buffer[i * 2]);
}
 
/* write a uint64_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_set_u64_array(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, const uint64_t *srcbuf)
{
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
        target_buffer_set_u64(target, &buffer[i * 8], srcbuf[i]);
}
 
/* write a uint32_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_set_u32_array(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, const uint32_t *srcbuf)
{
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
        target_buffer_set_u32(target, &buffer[i * 4], srcbuf[i]);
}
 
/* write a uint16_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_set_u16_array(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, const uint16_t *srcbuf)
{
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
        target_buffer_set_u16(target, &buffer[i * 2], srcbuf[i]);
}
 
/* return a pointer to a configured target; id is name or index in all_targets */
struct target *get_target(const char *id)
{
    struct target *target;
 
    /* try as tcltarget name */
    for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next) {
        if (!target_name(target))
            continue;
        if (strcmp(id, target_name(target)) == 0)
            return target;
    }
 
    /* try as index */
    unsigned int index, counter;
    if (parse_uint(id, &index) != ERROR_OK)
        return NULL;
 
    for (target = all_targets, counter = index;
            target && counter;
            target = target->next, --counter)
        ;
 
    return target;
}
 
struct target *get_current_target(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target_or_null(cmd_ctx);
 
    if (!target) {
        LOG_ERROR("BUG: current_target out of bounds");
        exit(-1);
    }
 
    return target;
}
 
struct target *get_current_target_or_null(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
{
    return cmd_ctx->current_target_override
        ? cmd_ctx->current_target_override
        : cmd_ctx->current_target;
}
 
int target_poll(struct target *target)
{
    int retval;
 
    /* We can't poll until after examine */
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        /* Fail silently lest we pollute the log */
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    retval = target->type->poll(target);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    if (target->halt_issued) {
        if (target->state == TARGET_HALTED)
            target->halt_issued = false;
        else {
            int64_t t = timeval_ms() - target->halt_issued_time;
            if (t > DEFAULT_HALT_TIMEOUT) {
                target->halt_issued = false;
                LOG_INFO("Halt timed out, wake up GDB.");
                target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_GDB_HALT);
            }
        }
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_halt(struct target *target)
{
    int retval;
    /* We can't poll until after examine */
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    retval = target->type->halt(target);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    target->halt_issued = true;
    target->halt_issued_time = timeval_ms();
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_resume(struct target *target, bool current, target_addr_t address,
        bool handle_breakpoints, bool debug_execution)
{
    int retval;
 
    /* We can't poll until after examine */
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_RESUME_START);
 
    /* note that resume *must* be asynchronous. The CPU can halt before
     * we poll. The CPU can even halt at the current PC as a result of
     * a software breakpoint being inserted by (a bug?) the application.
     */
    /*
     * resume() triggers the event 'resumed'. The execution of TCL commands
     * in the event handler causes the polling of targets. If the target has
     * already halted for a breakpoint, polling will run the 'halted' event
     * handler before the pending 'resumed' handler.
     * Disable polling during resume() to guarantee the execution of handlers
     * in the correct order.
     */
    bool save_poll_mask = jtag_poll_mask();
    retval = target->type->resume(target, current, address, handle_breakpoints,
        debug_execution);
    jtag_poll_unmask(save_poll_mask);
 
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_RESUME_END);
 
    return retval;
}
 
static int target_process_reset(struct command_invocation *cmd, enum target_reset_mode reset_mode)
{
    char buf[100];
    int retval;
    const struct nvp *n;
    n = nvp_value2name(nvp_reset_modes, reset_mode);
    if (!n->name) {
        LOG_ERROR("invalid reset mode");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    struct target *target;
    for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next)
        target_call_reset_callbacks(target, reset_mode);
 
    /* disable polling during reset to make reset event scripts
     * more predictable, i.e. dr/irscan & pathmove in events will
     * not have JTAG operations injected into the middle of a sequence.
     */
    bool save_poll_mask = jtag_poll_mask();
 
    sprintf(buf, "ocd_process_reset %s", n->name);
    retval = Jim_Eval(cmd->ctx->interp, buf);
 
    jtag_poll_unmask(save_poll_mask);
 
    if (retval != JIM_OK) {
        Jim_MakeErrorMessage(cmd->ctx->interp);
        command_print(cmd, "%s", Jim_GetString(Jim_GetResult(cmd->ctx->interp), NULL));
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    /* We want any events to be processed before the prompt */
    retval = target_call_timer_callbacks_now();
 
    for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next) {
        target->type->check_reset(target);
        target->running_alg = false;
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
static int identity_virt2phys(struct target *target,
        target_addr_t virtual, target_addr_t *physical)
{
    *physical = virtual;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int no_mmu(struct target *target, bool *enabled)
{
    *enabled = false;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static inline void target_reset_examined(struct target *target)
{
    target->examined = false;
}
 
static int default_examine(struct target *target)
{
    target_set_examined(target);
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
/* no check by default */
static int default_check_reset(struct target *target)
{
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
/* Equivalent Tcl code arp_examine_one is in src/target/startup.tcl
 * Keep in sync */
int target_examine_one(struct target *target)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Examination started");
 
    target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_EXAMINE_START);
 
    int retval = target->type->examine(target);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Examination failed");
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "examine() returned error code %d", retval);
        target_reset_examined(target);
        target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_EXAMINE_FAIL);
        return retval;
    }
 
    target_set_examined(target);
    target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_EXAMINE_END);
 
    LOG_TARGET_INFO(target, "Examination succeed");
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int jtag_enable_callback(enum jtag_event event, void *priv)
{
    struct target *target = priv;
 
    if (event != JTAG_TAP_EVENT_ENABLE || !target->tap->enabled)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    jtag_unregister_event_callback(jtag_enable_callback, target);
 
    return target_examine_one(target);
}
 
/* Targets that correctly implement init + examine, i.e.
 * no communication with target during init:
 *
 * XScale
 */
int target_examine(void)
{
    int retval = ERROR_OK;
    struct target *target;
 
    for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next) {
        /* defer examination, but don't skip it */
        if (!target->tap->enabled) {
            jtag_register_event_callback(jtag_enable_callback,
                    target);
            continue;
        }
 
        if (target->defer_examine)
            continue;
 
        int retval2 = target_examine_one(target);
        if (retval2 != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_WARNING("target %s examination failed", target_name(target));
            retval = retval2;
        }
    }
    return retval;
}
 
const char *target_type_name(const struct target *target)
{
    return target->type->name;
}
 
static int target_soft_reset_halt(struct target *target)
{
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    if (!target->type->soft_reset_halt) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target %s does not support soft_reset_halt",
                target_name(target));
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    return target->type->soft_reset_halt(target);
}
 
int target_run_algorithm(struct target *target,
        int num_mem_params, struct mem_param *mem_params,
        int num_reg_params, struct reg_param *reg_param,
        target_addr_t entry_point, target_addr_t exit_point,
        unsigned int timeout_ms, void *arch_info)
{
    int retval = ERROR_FAIL;
 
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        goto done;
    }
    if (!target->type->run_algorithm) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target type '%s' does not support %s",
                target_type_name(target), __func__);
        goto done;
    }
 
    target->running_alg = true;
    retval = target->type->run_algorithm(target,
            num_mem_params, mem_params,
            num_reg_params, reg_param,
            entry_point, exit_point, timeout_ms, arch_info);
    target->running_alg = false;
 
done:
    return retval;
}
 
int target_start_algorithm(struct target *target,
        int num_mem_params, struct mem_param *mem_params,
        int num_reg_params, struct reg_param *reg_params,
        target_addr_t entry_point, target_addr_t exit_point,
        void *arch_info)
{
    int retval = ERROR_FAIL;
 
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        goto done;
    }
    if (!target->type->start_algorithm) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target type '%s' does not support %s",
                target_type_name(target), __func__);
        goto done;
    }
    if (target->running_alg) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target is already running an algorithm");
        goto done;
    }
 
    target->running_alg = true;
    retval = target->type->start_algorithm(target,
            num_mem_params, mem_params,
            num_reg_params, reg_params,
            entry_point, exit_point, arch_info);
 
done:
    return retval;
}
 
int target_wait_algorithm(struct target *target,
        int num_mem_params, struct mem_param *mem_params,
        int num_reg_params, struct reg_param *reg_params,
        target_addr_t exit_point, unsigned int timeout_ms,
        void *arch_info)
{
    int retval = ERROR_FAIL;
 
    if (!target->type->wait_algorithm) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target type '%s' does not support %s",
                target_type_name(target), __func__);
        goto done;
    }
    if (!target->running_alg) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target is not running an algorithm");
        goto done;
    }
 
    retval = target->type->wait_algorithm(target,
            num_mem_params, mem_params,
            num_reg_params, reg_params,
            exit_point, timeout_ms, arch_info);
    if (retval != ERROR_TARGET_TIMEOUT)
        target->running_alg = false;
 
done:
    return retval;
}
 
int target_run_flash_async_algorithm(struct target *target,
        const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, int block_size,
        int num_mem_params, struct mem_param *mem_params,
        int num_reg_params, struct reg_param *reg_params,
        uint32_t buffer_start, uint32_t buffer_size,
        uint32_t entry_point, uint32_t exit_point, void *arch_info)
{
    int retval;
    int timeout = 0;
 
    const uint8_t *buffer_orig = buffer;
 
    /* Set up working area. First word is write pointer, second word is read pointer,
     * rest is fifo data area. */
    uint32_t wp_addr = buffer_start;
    uint32_t rp_addr = buffer_start + 4;
    uint32_t fifo_start_addr = buffer_start + 8;
    uint32_t fifo_end_addr = buffer_start + buffer_size;
 
    uint32_t wp = fifo_start_addr;
    uint32_t rp = fifo_start_addr;
 
    /* validate block_size is 2^n */
    assert(IS_PWR_OF_2(block_size));
 
    retval = target_write_u32(target, wp_addr, wp);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
    retval = target_write_u32(target, rp_addr, rp);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    /* Start up algorithm on target and let it idle while writing the first chunk */
    retval = target_start_algorithm(target, num_mem_params, mem_params,
            num_reg_params, reg_params,
            entry_point,
            exit_point,
            arch_info);
 
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("error starting target flash write algorithm");
        return retval;
    }
 
    while (count > 0) {
 
        retval = target_read_u32(target, rp_addr, &rp);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_ERROR("failed to get read pointer");
            break;
        }
 
        LOG_DEBUG("offs 0x%zx count 0x%" PRIx32 " wp 0x%" PRIx32 " rp 0x%" PRIx32,
            (size_t) (buffer - buffer_orig), count, wp, rp);
 
        if (rp == 0) {
            LOG_ERROR("flash write algorithm aborted by target");
            retval = ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
            break;
        }
 
        if (!IS_ALIGNED(rp - fifo_start_addr, block_size) || rp < fifo_start_addr || rp >= fifo_end_addr) {
            LOG_ERROR("corrupted fifo read pointer 0x%" PRIx32, rp);
            break;
        }
 
        /* Count the number of bytes available in the fifo without
         * crossing the wrap around. Make sure to not fill it completely,
         * because that would make wp == rp and that's the empty condition. */
        uint32_t thisrun_bytes;
        if (rp > wp)
            thisrun_bytes = rp - wp - block_size;
        else if (rp > fifo_start_addr)
            thisrun_bytes = fifo_end_addr - wp;
        else
            thisrun_bytes = fifo_end_addr - wp - block_size;
 
        if (thisrun_bytes == 0) {
            /* Throttle polling a bit if transfer is (much) faster than flash
             * programming. The exact delay shouldn't matter as long as it's
             * less than buffer size / flash speed. This is very unlikely to
             * run when using high latency connections such as USB. */
            alive_sleep(2);
 
            /* to stop an infinite loop on some targets check and increment a timeout
             * this issue was observed on a stellaris using the new ICDI interface */
            if (timeout++ >= 2500) {
                LOG_ERROR("timeout waiting for algorithm, a target reset is recommended");
                return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
            }
            continue;
        }
 
        /* reset our timeout */
        timeout = 0;
 
        /* Limit to the amount of data we actually want to write */
        if (thisrun_bytes > count * block_size)
            thisrun_bytes = count * block_size;
 
        /* Force end of large blocks to be word aligned */
        if (thisrun_bytes >= 16)
            thisrun_bytes -= (rp + thisrun_bytes) & 0x03;
 
        /* Write data to fifo */
        retval = target_write_buffer(target, wp, thisrun_bytes, buffer);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            break;
 
        /* Update counters and wrap write pointer */
        buffer += thisrun_bytes;
        count -= thisrun_bytes / block_size;
        wp += thisrun_bytes;
        if (wp >= fifo_end_addr)
            wp = fifo_start_addr;
 
        /* Store updated write pointer to target */
        retval = target_write_u32(target, wp_addr, wp);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            break;
 
        /* Avoid GDB timeouts */
        keep_alive();
    }
 
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        /* abort flash write algorithm on target */
        target_write_u32(target, wp_addr, 0);
    }
 
    int retval2 = target_wait_algorithm(target, num_mem_params, mem_params,
            num_reg_params, reg_params,
            exit_point,
            10000,
            arch_info);
 
    if (retval2 != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("error waiting for target flash write algorithm");
        retval = retval2;
    }
 
    if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
        /* check if algorithm set rp = 0 after fifo writer loop finished */
        retval = target_read_u32(target, rp_addr, &rp);
        if (retval == ERROR_OK && rp == 0) {
            LOG_ERROR("flash write algorithm aborted by target");
            retval = ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_run_read_async_algorithm(struct target *target,
        uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, int block_size,
        int num_mem_params, struct mem_param *mem_params,
        int num_reg_params, struct reg_param *reg_params,
        uint32_t buffer_start, uint32_t buffer_size,
        uint32_t entry_point, uint32_t exit_point, void *arch_info)
{
    int retval;
    int timeout = 0;
 
    const uint8_t *buffer_orig = buffer;
 
    /* Set up working area. First word is write pointer, second word is read pointer,
     * rest is fifo data area. */
    uint32_t wp_addr = buffer_start;
    uint32_t rp_addr = buffer_start + 4;
    uint32_t fifo_start_addr = buffer_start + 8;
    uint32_t fifo_end_addr = buffer_start + buffer_size;
 
    uint32_t wp = fifo_start_addr;
    uint32_t rp = fifo_start_addr;
 
    /* validate block_size is 2^n */
    assert(IS_PWR_OF_2(block_size));
 
    retval = target_write_u32(target, wp_addr, wp);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
    retval = target_write_u32(target, rp_addr, rp);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    /* Start up algorithm on target */
    retval = target_start_algorithm(target, num_mem_params, mem_params,
            num_reg_params, reg_params,
            entry_point,
            exit_point,
            arch_info);
 
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("error starting target flash read algorithm");
        return retval;
    }
 
    while (count > 0) {
        retval = target_read_u32(target, wp_addr, &wp);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_ERROR("failed to get write pointer");
            break;
        }
 
        LOG_DEBUG("offs 0x%zx count 0x%" PRIx32 " wp 0x%" PRIx32 " rp 0x%" PRIx32,
            (size_t)(buffer - buffer_orig), count, wp, rp);
 
        if (wp == 0) {
            LOG_ERROR("flash read algorithm aborted by target");
            retval = ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
            break;
        }
 
        if (!IS_ALIGNED(wp - fifo_start_addr, block_size) || wp < fifo_start_addr || wp >= fifo_end_addr) {
            LOG_ERROR("corrupted fifo write pointer 0x%" PRIx32, wp);
            break;
        }
 
        /* Count the number of bytes available in the fifo without
         * crossing the wrap around. */
        uint32_t thisrun_bytes;
        if (wp >= rp)
            thisrun_bytes = wp - rp;
        else
            thisrun_bytes = fifo_end_addr - rp;
 
        if (thisrun_bytes == 0) {
            /* Throttle polling a bit if transfer is (much) faster than flash
             * reading. The exact delay shouldn't matter as long as it's
             * less than buffer size / flash speed. This is very unlikely to
             * run when using high latency connections such as USB. */
            alive_sleep(2);
 
            /* to stop an infinite loop on some targets check and increment a timeout
             * this issue was observed on a stellaris using the new ICDI interface */
            if (timeout++ >= 2500) {
                LOG_ERROR("timeout waiting for algorithm, a target reset is recommended");
                return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
            }
            continue;
        }
 
        /* Reset our timeout */
        timeout = 0;
 
        /* Limit to the amount of data we actually want to read */
        if (thisrun_bytes > count * block_size)
            thisrun_bytes = count * block_size;
 
        /* Force end of large blocks to be word aligned */
        if (thisrun_bytes >= 16)
            thisrun_bytes -= (rp + thisrun_bytes) & 0x03;
 
        /* Read data from fifo */
        retval = target_read_buffer(target, rp, thisrun_bytes, buffer);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            break;
 
        /* Update counters and wrap write pointer */
        buffer += thisrun_bytes;
        count -= thisrun_bytes / block_size;
        rp += thisrun_bytes;
        if (rp >= fifo_end_addr)
            rp = fifo_start_addr;
 
        /* Store updated write pointer to target */
        retval = target_write_u32(target, rp_addr, rp);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            break;
 
        /* Avoid GDB timeouts */
        keep_alive();
 
        if (openocd_is_shutdown_pending()) {
            retval = ERROR_SERVER_INTERRUPTED;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        /* abort flash write algorithm on target */
        target_write_u32(target, rp_addr, 0);
    }
 
    int retval2 = target_wait_algorithm(target, num_mem_params, mem_params,
            num_reg_params, reg_params,
            exit_point,
            10000,
            arch_info);
 
    if (retval2 != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("error waiting for target flash write algorithm");
        retval = retval2;
    }
 
    if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
        /* check if algorithm set wp = 0 after fifo writer loop finished */
        retval = target_read_u32(target, wp_addr, &wp);
        if (retval == ERROR_OK && wp == 0) {
            LOG_ERROR("flash read algorithm aborted by target");
            retval = ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_read_memory(struct target *target,
        target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
{
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    if (!target->type->read_memory) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target %s doesn't support read_memory", target_name(target));
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    return target->type->read_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
}
 
int target_read_phys_memory(struct target *target,
        target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
{
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    if (!target->type->read_phys_memory) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target %s doesn't support read_phys_memory", target_name(target));
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    return target->type->read_phys_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
}
 
int target_write_memory(struct target *target,
        target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    if (!target->type->write_memory) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target %s doesn't support write_memory", target_name(target));
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    return target->type->write_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
}
 
int target_write_phys_memory(struct target *target,
        target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    if (!target->type->write_phys_memory) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target %s doesn't support write_phys_memory", target_name(target));
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    return target->type->write_phys_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
}
 
int target_add_breakpoint(struct target *target,
        struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
{
    if ((target->state != TARGET_HALTED) && (breakpoint->type != BKPT_HARD)) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "not halted (add breakpoint)");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
    return target->type->add_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
}
 
int target_add_context_breakpoint(struct target *target,
        struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
{
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "not halted (add context breakpoint)");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
    return target->type->add_context_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
}
 
int target_add_hybrid_breakpoint(struct target *target,
        struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
{
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "not halted (add hybrid breakpoint)");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
    return target->type->add_hybrid_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
}
 
int target_remove_breakpoint(struct target *target,
        struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
{
    return target->type->remove_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
}
 
int target_add_watchpoint(struct target *target,
        struct watchpoint *watchpoint)
{
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "not halted (add watchpoint)");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
    return target->type->add_watchpoint(target, watchpoint);
}
int target_remove_watchpoint(struct target *target,
        struct watchpoint *watchpoint)
{
    return target->type->remove_watchpoint(target, watchpoint);
}
int target_hit_watchpoint(struct target *target,
        struct watchpoint **hit_watchpoint)
{
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "not halted (hit watchpoint)");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
 
    if (!target->type->hit_watchpoint) {
        /* For backward compatible, if hit_watchpoint is not implemented,
         * return error such that gdb_server will not take the nonsense
         * information. */
        return ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    }
 
    return target->type->hit_watchpoint(target, hit_watchpoint);
}
 
const char *target_get_gdb_arch(const struct target *target)
{
    if (!target->type->get_gdb_arch)
        return NULL;
    return target->type->get_gdb_arch(target);
}
 
int target_get_gdb_reg_list(struct target *target,
        struct reg **reg_list[], int *reg_list_size,
        enum target_register_class reg_class)
{
    int result = ERROR_FAIL;
 
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        goto done;
    }
 
    result = target->type->get_gdb_reg_list(target, reg_list,
            reg_list_size, reg_class);
 
done:
    if (result != ERROR_OK) {
        *reg_list = NULL;
        *reg_list_size = 0;
    }
    return result;
}
 
int target_get_gdb_reg_list_noread(struct target *target,
        struct reg **reg_list[], int *reg_list_size,
        enum target_register_class reg_class)
{
    if (target->type->get_gdb_reg_list_noread &&
            target->type->get_gdb_reg_list_noread(target, reg_list,
                reg_list_size, reg_class) == ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_OK;
    return target_get_gdb_reg_list(target, reg_list, reg_list_size, reg_class);
}
 
bool target_supports_gdb_connection(const struct target *target)
{
    /*
     * exclude all the targets that don't provide get_gdb_reg_list
     * or that have explicit gdb_max_connection == 0
     */
    return !!target->type->get_gdb_reg_list && !!target->gdb_max_connections;
}
 
int target_step(struct target *target,
        bool current, target_addr_t address, bool handle_breakpoints)
{
    int retval;
 
    target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_STEP_START);
 
    retval = target->type->step(target, current, address, handle_breakpoints);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_STEP_END);
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_get_gdb_fileio_info(struct target *target, struct gdb_fileio_info *fileio_info)
{
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "not halted (gdb fileio)");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
    return target->type->get_gdb_fileio_info(target, fileio_info);
}
 
int target_gdb_fileio_end(struct target *target, int retcode, int fileio_errno, bool ctrl_c)
{
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "not halted (gdb fileio end)");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
    return target->type->gdb_fileio_end(target, retcode, fileio_errno, ctrl_c);
}
 
target_addr_t target_address_max(struct target *target)
{
    unsigned int bits = target_address_bits(target);
    if (sizeof(target_addr_t) * 8 == bits)
        return (target_addr_t) -1;
    else
        return (((target_addr_t) 1) << bits) - 1;
}
 
unsigned int target_address_bits(struct target *target)
{
    if (target->type->address_bits)
        return target->type->address_bits(target);
    return 32;
}
 
unsigned int target_data_bits(struct target *target)
{
    if (target->type->data_bits)
        return target->type->data_bits(target);
    return 32;
}
 
static int target_profiling(struct target *target, uint32_t *samples,
            uint32_t max_num_samples, uint32_t *num_samples, uint32_t seconds)
{
    return target->type->profiling(target, samples, max_num_samples,
            num_samples, seconds);
}
 
static int handle_target(void *priv);
 
static int target_init_one(struct command_context *cmd_ctx,
        struct target *target)
{
    target_reset_examined(target);
 
    struct target_type *type = target->type;
    if (!type->examine)
        type->examine = default_examine;
 
    if (!type->check_reset)
        type->check_reset = default_check_reset;
 
    assert(type->init_target);
 
    int retval = type->init_target(cmd_ctx, target);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("target '%s' init failed", target_name(target));
        return retval;
    }
 
    /* Sanity-check MMU support ... stub in what we must, to help
     * implement it in stages, but warn if we need to do so.
     */
    if (type->mmu) {
        if (!type->virt2phys) {
            LOG_ERROR("type '%s' is missing virt2phys", target_name(target));
            type->virt2phys = identity_virt2phys;
        }
    } else {
        /* Make sure no-MMU targets all behave the same:  make no
         * distinction between physical and virtual addresses, and
         * ensure that virt2phys() is always an identity mapping.
         */
        if (type->write_phys_memory || type->read_phys_memory || type->virt2phys)
            LOG_WARNING("type '%s' has bad MMU hooks", target_name(target));
 
        type->mmu = no_mmu;
        type->write_phys_memory = type->write_memory;
        type->read_phys_memory = type->read_memory;
        type->virt2phys = identity_virt2phys;
    }
 
    if (!target->type->read_buffer)
        target->type->read_buffer = target_read_buffer_default;
 
    if (!target->type->write_buffer)
        target->type->write_buffer = target_write_buffer_default;
 
    if (!target->type->get_gdb_fileio_info)
        target->type->get_gdb_fileio_info = target_get_gdb_fileio_info_default;
 
    if (!target->type->gdb_fileio_end)
        target->type->gdb_fileio_end = target_gdb_fileio_end_default;
 
    if (!target->type->profiling)
        target->type->profiling = target_profiling_default;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int target_init(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
{
    struct target *target;
    int retval;
 
    for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next) {
        retval = target_init_one(cmd_ctx, target);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return retval;
    }
 
    if (!all_targets)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    retval = target_register_user_commands(cmd_ctx);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    retval = target_register_timer_callback(&handle_target,
            polling_interval, TARGET_TIMER_TYPE_PERIODIC, cmd_ctx->interp);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_init_command)
{
    int retval;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    static bool target_initialized;
    if (target_initialized) {
        LOG_INFO("'target init' has already been called");
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
    target_initialized = true;
 
    retval = command_run_line(CMD_CTX, "init_targets");
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    retval = command_run_line(CMD_CTX, "init_target_events");
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    retval = command_run_line(CMD_CTX, "init_board");
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    LOG_DEBUG("Initializing targets...");
    return target_init(CMD_CTX);
}
 
int target_register_event_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
        enum target_event event, void *priv), void *priv)
{
    struct target_event_callback **callbacks_p = &target_event_callbacks;
 
    if (!callback)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (*callbacks_p) {
        while ((*callbacks_p)->next)
            callbacks_p = &((*callbacks_p)->next);
        callbacks_p = &((*callbacks_p)->next);
    }
 
    (*callbacks_p) = malloc(sizeof(struct target_event_callback));
    (*callbacks_p)->callback = callback;
    (*callbacks_p)->priv = priv;
    (*callbacks_p)->next = NULL;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_register_reset_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
        enum target_reset_mode reset_mode, void *priv), void *priv)
{
    struct target_reset_callback *entry;
 
    if (!callback)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    entry = malloc(sizeof(struct target_reset_callback));
    if (!entry) {
        LOG_ERROR("error allocating buffer for reset callback entry");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
 
    entry->callback = callback;
    entry->priv = priv;
    list_add(&entry->list, &target_reset_callback_list);
 
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_register_trace_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
        size_t len, uint8_t *data, void *priv), void *priv)
{
    struct target_trace_callback *entry;
 
    if (!callback)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    entry = malloc(sizeof(struct target_trace_callback));
    if (!entry) {
        LOG_ERROR("error allocating buffer for trace callback entry");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
 
    entry->callback = callback;
    entry->priv = priv;
    list_add(&entry->list, &target_trace_callback_list);
 
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_register_timer_callback(int (*callback)(void *priv),
        unsigned int time_ms, enum target_timer_type type, void *priv)
{
    struct target_timer_callback **callbacks_p = &target_timer_callbacks;
 
    if (!callback)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (*callbacks_p) {
        while ((*callbacks_p)->next)
            callbacks_p = &((*callbacks_p)->next);
        callbacks_p = &((*callbacks_p)->next);
    }
 
    (*callbacks_p) = malloc(sizeof(struct target_timer_callback));
    (*callbacks_p)->callback = callback;
    (*callbacks_p)->type = type;
    (*callbacks_p)->time_ms = time_ms;
    (*callbacks_p)->removed = false;
 
    (*callbacks_p)->when = timeval_ms() + time_ms;
    target_timer_next_event_value = MIN(target_timer_next_event_value, (*callbacks_p)->when);
 
    (*callbacks_p)->priv = priv;
    (*callbacks_p)->next = NULL;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_unregister_event_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
        enum target_event event, void *priv), void *priv)
{
    struct target_event_callback **p = &target_event_callbacks;
    struct target_event_callback *c = target_event_callbacks;
 
    if (!callback)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    while (c) {
        struct target_event_callback *next = c->next;
        if ((c->callback == callback) && (c->priv == priv)) {
            *p = next;
            free(c);
            return ERROR_OK;
        } else
            p = &(c->next);
        c = next;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_unregister_reset_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
        enum target_reset_mode reset_mode, void *priv), void *priv)
{
    struct target_reset_callback *entry;
 
    if (!callback)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    list_for_each_entry(entry, &target_reset_callback_list, list) {
        if (entry->callback == callback && entry->priv == priv) {
            list_del(&entry->list);
            free(entry);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_unregister_trace_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
        size_t len, uint8_t *data, void *priv), void *priv)
{
    struct target_trace_callback *entry;
 
    if (!callback)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    list_for_each_entry(entry, &target_trace_callback_list, list) {
        if (entry->callback == callback && entry->priv == priv) {
            list_del(&entry->list);
            free(entry);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_unregister_timer_callback(int (*callback)(void *priv), void *priv)
{
    if (!callback)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    for (struct target_timer_callback *c = target_timer_callbacks;
         c; c = c->next) {
        if ((c->callback == callback) && (c->priv == priv)) {
            c->removed = true;
            return ERROR_OK;
        }
    }
 
    return ERROR_FAIL;
}
 
int target_call_event_callbacks(struct target *target, enum target_event event)
{
    struct target_event_callback *callback = target_event_callbacks;
    struct target_event_callback *next_callback;
 
    if (event == TARGET_EVENT_HALTED) {
        /* execute early halted first */
        target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_GDB_HALT);
    }
 
    LOG_DEBUG("target event %i (%s) for core %s", event,
            target_event_name(event),
            target_name(target));
 
    target_handle_event(target, event);
 
    while (callback) {
        next_callback = callback->next;
        callback->callback(target, event, callback->priv);
        callback = next_callback;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_call_reset_callbacks(struct target *target, enum target_reset_mode reset_mode)
{
    struct target_reset_callback *callback;
 
    LOG_DEBUG("target reset %i (%s)", reset_mode,
            nvp_value2name(nvp_reset_modes, reset_mode)->name);
 
    list_for_each_entry(callback, &target_reset_callback_list, list)
        callback->callback(target, reset_mode, callback->priv);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_call_trace_callbacks(struct target *target, size_t len, uint8_t *data)
{
    struct target_trace_callback *callback;
 
    list_for_each_entry(callback, &target_trace_callback_list, list)
        callback->callback(target, len, data, callback->priv);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int target_timer_callback_periodic_restart(
        struct target_timer_callback *cb, int64_t *now)
{
    cb->when = *now + cb->time_ms;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int target_call_timer_callback(struct target_timer_callback *cb,
        int64_t *now)
{
    cb->callback(cb->priv);
 
    if (cb->type == TARGET_TIMER_TYPE_PERIODIC)
        return target_timer_callback_periodic_restart(cb, now);
 
    return target_unregister_timer_callback(cb->callback, cb->priv);
}
 
static int target_call_timer_callbacks_check_time(int checktime)
{
    static bool callback_processing;
 
    /* Do not allow nesting */
    if (callback_processing)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    callback_processing = true;
 
    keep_alive();
 
    int64_t now = timeval_ms();
 
    /* Initialize to a default value that's a ways into the future.
     * The loop below will make it closer to now if there are
     * callbacks that want to be called sooner. */
    target_timer_next_event_value = now + 1000;
 
    /* Store an address of the place containing a pointer to the
     * next item; initially, that's a standalone "root of the
     * list" variable. */
    struct target_timer_callback **callback = &target_timer_callbacks;
    while (callback && *callback) {
        if ((*callback)->removed) {
            struct target_timer_callback *p = *callback;
            *callback = (*callback)->next;
            free(p);
            continue;
        }
 
        bool call_it = (*callback)->callback &&
            ((!checktime && (*callback)->type == TARGET_TIMER_TYPE_PERIODIC) ||
             now >= (*callback)->when);
 
        if (call_it)
            target_call_timer_callback(*callback, &now);
 
        if (!(*callback)->removed && (*callback)->when < target_timer_next_event_value)
            target_timer_next_event_value = (*callback)->when;
 
        callback = &(*callback)->next;
    }
 
    callback_processing = false;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_call_timer_callbacks(void)
{
    return target_call_timer_callbacks_check_time(1);
}
 
/* invoke periodic callbacks immediately */
int target_call_timer_callbacks_now(void)
{
    return target_call_timer_callbacks_check_time(0);
}
 
int64_t target_timer_next_event(void)
{
    return target_timer_next_event_value;
}
 
/* Prints the working area layout for debug purposes */
static void print_wa_layout(struct target *target)
{
    struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;
 
    while (c) {
        LOG_DEBUG("%c%c " TARGET_ADDR_FMT "-" TARGET_ADDR_FMT " (%" PRIu32 " bytes)",
            c->backup ? 'b' : ' ', c->free ? ' ' : '*',
            c->address, c->address + c->size - 1, c->size);
        c = c->next;
    }
}
 
/* Reduce area to size bytes, create a new free area from the remaining bytes, if any. */
static void target_split_working_area(struct working_area *area, uint32_t size)
{
    assert(area->free); /* Shouldn't split an allocated area */
    assert(size <= area->size); /* Caller should guarantee this */
 
    /* Split only if not already the right size */
    if (size < area->size) {
        struct working_area *new_wa = malloc(sizeof(*new_wa));
 
        if (!new_wa)
            return;
 
        new_wa->next = area->next;
        new_wa->size = area->size - size;
        new_wa->address = area->address + size;
        new_wa->backup = NULL;
        new_wa->user = NULL;
        new_wa->free = true;
 
        area->next = new_wa;
        area->size = size;
 
        /* If backup memory was allocated to this area, it has the wrong size
         * now so free it and it will be reallocated if/when needed */
        free(area->backup);
        area->backup = NULL;
    }
}
 
/* Merge all adjacent free areas into one */
static void target_merge_working_areas(struct target *target)
{
    struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;
 
    while (c && c->next) {
        assert(c->next->address == c->address + c->size); /* This is an invariant */
 
        /* Find two adjacent free areas */
        if (c->free && c->next->free) {
            /* Merge the last into the first */
            c->size += c->next->size;
 
            /* Remove the last */
            struct working_area *to_be_freed = c->next;
            c->next = c->next->next;
            free(to_be_freed->backup);
            free(to_be_freed);
 
            /* If backup memory was allocated to the remaining area, it's has
             * the wrong size now */
            free(c->backup);
            c->backup = NULL;
        } else {
            c = c->next;
        }
    }
}
 
int target_alloc_working_area_try(struct target *target, uint32_t size, struct working_area **area)
{
    /* Reevaluate working area address based on MMU state*/
    if (!target->working_areas) {
        int retval;
        bool enabled;
 
        retval = target->type->mmu(target, &enabled);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return retval;
 
        if (!enabled) {
            if (target->working_area_phys_spec) {
                LOG_DEBUG("MMU disabled, using physical "
                    "address for working memory " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                    target->working_area_phys);
                target->working_area = target->working_area_phys;
            } else {
                LOG_ERROR("No working memory available. "
                    "Specify -work-area-phys to target.");
                return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
            }
        } else {
            if (target->working_area_virt_spec) {
                LOG_DEBUG("MMU enabled, using virtual "
                    "address for working memory " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                    target->working_area_virt);
                target->working_area = target->working_area_virt;
            } else {
                LOG_ERROR("No working memory available. "
                    "Specify -work-area-virt to target.");
                return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
            }
        }
 
        /* Set up initial working area on first call */
        struct working_area *new_wa = malloc(sizeof(*new_wa));
        if (new_wa) {
            new_wa->next = NULL;
            new_wa->size = ALIGN_DOWN(target->working_area_size, 4); /* 4-byte align */
            new_wa->address = target->working_area;
            new_wa->backup = NULL;
            new_wa->user = NULL;
            new_wa->free = true;
        }
 
        target->working_areas = new_wa;
    }
 
    /* only allocate multiples of 4 byte */
    size = ALIGN_UP(size, 4);
 
    struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;
 
    /* Find the first large enough working area */
    while (c) {
        if (c->free && c->size >= size)
            break;
        c = c->next;
    }
 
    if (!c)
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
 
    /* Split the working area into the requested size */
    target_split_working_area(c, size);
 
    LOG_DEBUG("allocated new working area of %" PRIu32 " bytes at address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
              size, c->address);
 
    if (target->backup_working_area) {
        if (!c->backup) {
            c->backup = malloc(c->size);
            if (!c->backup)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        int retval = target_read_memory(target, c->address, 4, c->size / 4, c->backup);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return retval;
    }
 
    /* mark as used, and return the new (reused) area */
    c->free = false;
    *area = c;
 
    /* user pointer */
    c->user = area;
 
    print_wa_layout(target);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_alloc_working_area(struct target *target, uint32_t size, struct working_area **area)
{
    int retval;
 
    retval = target_alloc_working_area_try(target, size, area);
    if (retval == ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE)
        LOG_WARNING("not enough working area available(requested %"PRIu32")", size);
    return retval;
 
}
 
static int target_restore_working_area(struct target *target, struct working_area *area)
{
    int retval = ERROR_OK;
 
    if (target->backup_working_area && area->backup) {
        retval = target_write_memory(target, area->address, 4, area->size / 4, area->backup);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            LOG_ERROR("failed to restore %" PRIu32 " bytes of working area at address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                    area->size, area->address);
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
/* Restore the area's backup memory, if any, and return the area to the allocation pool */
static int target_free_working_area_restore(struct target *target, struct working_area *area, int restore)
{
    if (!area || area->free)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    int retval = ERROR_OK;
    if (restore) {
        retval = target_restore_working_area(target, area);
        /* REVISIT: Perhaps the area should be freed even if restoring fails. */
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return retval;
    }
 
    area->free = true;
 
    LOG_DEBUG("freed %" PRIu32 " bytes of working area at address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
            area->size, area->address);
 
    /* mark user pointer invalid */
    /* TODO: Is this really safe? It points to some previous caller's memory.
     * How could we know that the area pointer is still in that place and not
     * some other vital data? What's the purpose of this, anyway? */
    *area->user = NULL;
    area->user = NULL;
 
    target_merge_working_areas(target);
 
    print_wa_layout(target);
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_free_working_area(struct target *target, struct working_area *area)
{
    return target_free_working_area_restore(target, area, 1);
}
 
/* free resources and restore memory, if restoring memory fails,
 * free up resources anyway
 */
static void target_free_all_working_areas_restore(struct target *target, int restore)
{
    struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;
 
    LOG_DEBUG("freeing all working areas");
 
    /* Loop through all areas, restoring the allocated ones and marking them as free */
    while (c) {
        if (!c->free) {
            if (restore)
                target_restore_working_area(target, c);
            c->free = true;
            *c->user = NULL; /* Same as above */
            c->user = NULL;
        }
        c = c->next;
    }
 
    /* Run a merge pass to combine all areas into one */
    target_merge_working_areas(target);
 
    print_wa_layout(target);
}
 
void target_free_all_working_areas(struct target *target)
{
    target_free_all_working_areas_restore(target, 1);
 
    /* Now we have none or only one working area marked as free */
    if (target->working_areas) {
        /* Free the last one to allow on-the-fly moving and resizing */
        free(target->working_areas->backup);
        free(target->working_areas);
        target->working_areas = NULL;
    }
}
 
/* Find the largest number of bytes that can be allocated */
uint32_t target_get_working_area_avail(struct target *target)
{
    struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;
    uint32_t max_size = 0;
 
    if (!c)
        return ALIGN_DOWN(target->working_area_size, 4);
 
    while (c) {
        if (c->free && max_size < c->size)
            max_size = c->size;
 
        c = c->next;
    }
 
    return max_size;
}
 
static void target_destroy(struct target *target)
{
    breakpoint_remove_all(target);
    watchpoint_remove_all(target);
 
    if (target->type->deinit_target)
        target->type->deinit_target(target);
 
    if (target->semihosting)
        free(target->semihosting->basedir);
    free(target->semihosting);
 
    jtag_unregister_event_callback(jtag_enable_callback, target);
 
    struct target_event_action *teap, *temp;
    list_for_each_entry_safe(teap, temp, &target->events_action, list) {
        list_del(&teap->list);
        Jim_DecrRefCount(teap->interp, teap->body);
        free(teap);
    }
 
    target_free_all_working_areas(target);
 
    /* release the targets SMP list */
    if (target->smp) {
        struct target_list *head, *tmp;
 
        list_for_each_entry_safe(head, tmp, target->smp_targets, lh) {
            list_del(&head->lh);
            head->target->smp = 0;
            free(head);
        }
        if (target->smp_targets != &empty_smp_targets)
            free(target->smp_targets);
        target->smp = 0;
    }
 
    rtos_destroy(target);
 
    free(target->gdb_port_override);
    free(target->type);
    free(target->trace_info);
    free(target->fileio_info);
    free(target->cmd_name);
    free(target);
}
 
void target_quit(void)
{
    struct target_event_callback *pe = target_event_callbacks;
    while (pe) {
        struct target_event_callback *t = pe->next;
        free(pe);
        pe = t;
    }
    target_event_callbacks = NULL;
 
    struct target_timer_callback *pt = target_timer_callbacks;
    while (pt) {
        struct target_timer_callback *t = pt->next;
        free(pt);
        pt = t;
    }
    target_timer_callbacks = NULL;
 
    for (struct target *target = all_targets; target;) {
        struct target *tmp;
 
        tmp = target->next;
        target_destroy(target);
        target = tmp;
    }
 
    all_targets = NULL;
}
 
int target_arch_state(struct target *target)
{
    int retval;
    if (!target) {
        LOG_WARNING("No target has been configured");
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    retval = target->type->arch_state(target);
    return retval;
}
 
static int target_get_gdb_fileio_info_default(struct target *target,
        struct gdb_fileio_info *fileio_info)
{
    /* If target does not support semi-hosting function, target
       has no need to provide .get_gdb_fileio_info callback.
       It just return ERROR_FAIL and gdb_server will return "Txx"
       as target halted every time.  */
    return ERROR_FAIL;
}
 
static int target_gdb_fileio_end_default(struct target *target,
        int retcode, int fileio_errno, bool ctrl_c)
{
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_profiling_default(struct target *target, uint32_t *samples,
        uint32_t max_num_samples, uint32_t *num_samples, uint32_t seconds)
{
    struct timeval timeout, now;
 
    gettimeofday(&timeout, NULL);
    timeval_add_time(&timeout, seconds, 0);
 
    LOG_INFO("Starting profiling. Halting and resuming the"
            " target as often as we can...");
 
    uint32_t sample_count = 0;
    /* hopefully it is safe to cache! We want to stop/restart as quickly as possible. */
    struct reg *reg = register_get_by_name(target->reg_cache, "pc", true);
 
    int retval = ERROR_OK;
    for (;;) {
        target_poll(target);
        if (target->state == TARGET_HALTED) {
            uint32_t t = buf_get_u32(reg->value, 0, 32);
            samples[sample_count++] = t;
            /* current pc, addr = 0, do not handle breakpoints, not debugging */
            retval = target_resume(target, true, 0, false, false);
            target_poll(target);
            alive_sleep(10); /* sleep 10ms, i.e. <100 samples/second. */
        } else if (target->state == TARGET_RUNNING) {
            /* We want to quickly sample the PC. */
            retval = target_halt(target);
        } else {
            LOG_INFO("Target not halted or running");
            retval = ERROR_OK;
            break;
        }
 
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            break;
 
        gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
        if ((sample_count >= max_num_samples) || timeval_compare(&now, &timeout) >= 0) {
            LOG_INFO("Profiling completed. %" PRIu32 " samples.", sample_count);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    *num_samples = sample_count;
    return retval;
}
 
/* Single aligned words are guaranteed to use 16 or 32 bit access
 * mode respectively, otherwise data is handled as quickly as
 * possible
 */
int target_write_buffer(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
    LOG_DEBUG("writing buffer of %" PRIu32 " byte at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
              size, address);
 
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (size == 0)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    if ((address + size - 1) < address) {
        /* GDB can request this when e.g. PC is 0xfffffffc */
        LOG_ERROR("address + size wrapped (" TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", 0x%08" PRIx32 ")",
                  address,
                  size);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    return target->type->write_buffer(target, address, size, buffer);
}
 
static int target_write_buffer_default(struct target *target,
    target_addr_t address, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
    uint32_t size;
    unsigned int data_bytes = target_data_bits(target) / 8;
 
    /* Align up to maximum bytes. The loop condition makes sure the next pass
     * will have something to do with the size we leave to it. */
    for (size = 1;
            size < data_bytes && count >= size * 2 + (address & size);
            size *= 2) {
        if (address & size) {
            int retval = target_write_memory(target, address, size, 1, buffer);
            if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
            address += size;
            count -= size;
            buffer += size;
        }
    }
 
    /* Write the data with as large access size as possible. */
    for (; size > 0; size /= 2) {
        uint32_t aligned = count - count % size;
        if (aligned > 0) {
            int retval = target_write_memory(target, address, size, aligned / size, buffer);
            if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
            address += aligned;
            count -= aligned;
            buffer += aligned;
        }
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
/* Single aligned words are guaranteed to use 16 or 32 bit access
 * mode respectively, otherwise data is handled as quickly as
 * possible
 */
int target_read_buffer(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint8_t *buffer)
{
    LOG_DEBUG("reading buffer of %" PRIu32 " byte at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
              size, address);
 
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (size == 0)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    if ((address + size - 1) < address) {
        /* GDB can request this when e.g. PC is 0xfffffffc */
        LOG_ERROR("address + size wrapped (" TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", 0x%08" PRIx32 ")",
                  address,
                  size);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    return target->type->read_buffer(target, address, size, buffer);
}
 
static int target_read_buffer_default(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
{
    uint32_t size;
    unsigned int data_bytes = target_data_bits(target) / 8;
 
    /* Align up to maximum bytes. The loop condition makes sure the next pass
     * will have something to do with the size we leave to it. */
    for (size = 1;
            size < data_bytes && count >= size * 2 + (address & size);
            size *= 2) {
        if (address & size) {
            int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, size, 1, buffer);
            if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
            address += size;
            count -= size;
            buffer += size;
        }
    }
 
    /* Read the data with as large access size as possible. */
    for (; size > 0; size /= 2) {
        uint32_t aligned = count - count % size;
        if (aligned > 0) {
            int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, size, aligned / size, buffer);
            if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
            address += aligned;
            count -= aligned;
            buffer += aligned;
        }
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int target_checksum_memory(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t *crc)
{
    int retval;
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (target->type->checksum_memory) {
        retval = target->type->checksum_memory(target, address, size, crc);
        if (retval == ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_OK;
    } else {
        LOG_TARGET_INFO(target, "doesn't support fast checksum_memory, using slow read memory");
    }
 
    uint8_t *buffer = malloc(size);
    if (!buffer) {
        LOG_ERROR("error allocating buffer for section (%" PRIu32 " bytes)", size);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    retval = target_read_buffer(target, address, size, buffer);
 
    if (retval == ERROR_OK)
        retval = image_calculate_checksum(buffer, size, crc);
 
    free(buffer);
    return retval;
}
 
int target_blank_check_memory(struct target *target,
    struct target_memory_check_block *blocks, int num_blocks,
    uint8_t erased_value)
{
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (!target->type->blank_check_memory)
        return ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
 
    return target->type->blank_check_memory(target, blocks, num_blocks, erased_value);
}
 
int target_read_u64(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint64_t *value)
{
    uint8_t value_buf[8];
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 8, 1, value_buf);
 
    if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
        *value = target_buffer_get_u64(target, value_buf);
        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%16.16" PRIx64,
                  address,
                  *value);
    } else {
        *value = 0x0;
        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " failed",
                  address);
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_read_u32(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t *value)
{
    uint8_t value_buf[4];
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 4, 1, value_buf);
 
    if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
        *value = target_buffer_get_u32(target, value_buf);
        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx32,
                  address,
                  *value);
    } else {
        *value = 0x0;
        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " failed",
                  address);
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_read_u16(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint16_t *value)
{
    uint8_t value_buf[2];
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 2, 1, value_buf);
 
    if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
        *value = target_buffer_get_u16(target, value_buf);
        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%4.4" PRIx16,
                  address,
                  *value);
    } else {
        *value = 0x0;
        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " failed",
                  address);
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_read_u8(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint8_t *value)
{
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 1, 1, value);
 
    if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%2.2" PRIx8,
                  address,
                  *value);
    } else {
        *value = 0x0;
        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " failed",
                  address);
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_write_u64(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint64_t value)
{
    int retval;
    uint8_t value_buf[8];
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%16.16" PRIx64,
              address,
              value);
 
    target_buffer_set_u64(target, value_buf, value);
    retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 8, 1, value_buf);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_write_u32(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t value)
{
    int retval;
    uint8_t value_buf[4];
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx32,
              address,
              value);
 
    target_buffer_set_u32(target, value_buf, value);
    retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 4, 1, value_buf);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_write_u16(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint16_t value)
{
    int retval;
    uint8_t value_buf[2];
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx16,
              address,
              value);
 
    target_buffer_set_u16(target, value_buf, value);
    retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 2, 1, value_buf);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_write_u8(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint8_t value)
{
    int retval;
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%2.2" PRIx8,
              address, value);
 
    retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 1, 1, &value);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_write_phys_u64(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint64_t value)
{
    int retval;
    uint8_t value_buf[8];
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%16.16" PRIx64,
              address,
              value);
 
    target_buffer_set_u64(target, value_buf, value);
    retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, address, 8, 1, value_buf);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_write_phys_u32(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t value)
{
    int retval;
    uint8_t value_buf[4];
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx32,
              address,
              value);
 
    target_buffer_set_u32(target, value_buf, value);
    retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, address, 4, 1, value_buf);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_write_phys_u16(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint16_t value)
{
    int retval;
    uint8_t value_buf[2];
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx16,
              address,
              value);
 
    target_buffer_set_u16(target, value_buf, value);
    retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, address, 2, 1, value_buf);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
 
    return retval;
}
 
int target_write_phys_u8(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint8_t value)
{
    int retval;
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%2.2" PRIx8,
              address, value);
 
    retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, address, 1, 1, &value);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
 
    return retval;
}
 
static int find_target(struct command_invocation *cmd, const char *name)
{
    struct target *target = get_target(name);
    if (!target) {
        command_print(cmd, "Target: %s is unknown, try one of:\n", name);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    if (!target->tap->enabled) {
        command_print(cmd, "Target: TAP %s is disabled, "
             "can't be the current target\n",
             target->tap->dotted_name);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    cmd->ctx->current_target = target;
    if (cmd->ctx->current_target_override)
        cmd->ctx->current_target_override = target;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_targets_command)
{
    int retval = ERROR_OK;
    if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
        retval = find_target(CMD, CMD_ARGV[0]);
        if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
            /* we're done! */
            return retval;
        }
    }
 
    unsigned int index = 0;
    command_print(CMD, "    TargetName         Type       Endian TapName            State       ");
    command_print(CMD, "--  ------------------ ---------- ------ ------------------ ------------");
    for (struct target *target = all_targets; target; target = target->next, ++index) {
        const char *state;
        char marker = ' ';
 
        if (target->tap->enabled)
            state = target_state_name(target);
        else
            state = "tap-disabled";
 
        if (CMD_CTX->current_target == target)
            marker = '*';
 
        /* keep columns lined up to match the headers above */
        command_print(CMD,
                "%2d%c %-18s %-10s %-6s %-18s %s",
                index,
                marker,
                target_name(target),
                target_type_name(target),
                nvp_value2name(nvp_target_endian, target->endianness)->name,
                target->tap->dotted_name,
                state);
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
/* every 300ms we check for reset & powerdropout and issue a "reset halt" if so. */
 
static int power_dropout;
static int srst_asserted;
 
static int run_power_restore;
static int run_power_dropout;
static int run_srst_asserted;
static int run_srst_deasserted;
 
static int sense_handler(void)
{
    static int prev_srst_asserted;
    static int prev_power_dropout;
 
    int retval = jtag_power_dropout(&power_dropout);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    int power_restored;
    power_restored = prev_power_dropout && !power_dropout;
    if (power_restored)
        run_power_restore = 1;
 
    int64_t current = timeval_ms();
    static int64_t last_power;
    bool wait_more = last_power + 2000 > current;
    if (power_dropout && !wait_more) {
        run_power_dropout = 1;
        last_power = current;
    }
 
    retval = jtag_srst_asserted(&srst_asserted);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    int srst_deasserted;
    srst_deasserted = prev_srst_asserted && !srst_asserted;
 
    static int64_t last_srst;
    wait_more = last_srst + 2000 > current;
    if (srst_deasserted && !wait_more) {
        run_srst_deasserted = 1;
        last_srst = current;
    }
 
    if (!prev_srst_asserted && srst_asserted)
        run_srst_asserted = 1;
 
    prev_srst_asserted = srst_asserted;
    prev_power_dropout = power_dropout;
 
    if (srst_deasserted || power_restored) {
        /* Other than logging the event we can't do anything here.
         * Issuing a reset is a particularly bad idea as we might
         * be inside a reset already.
         */
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
/* process target state changes */
static int handle_target(void *priv)
{
    Jim_Interp *interp = (Jim_Interp *)priv;
    int retval = ERROR_OK;
 
    if (!is_jtag_poll_safe()) {
        /* polling is disabled currently */
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    /* we do not want to recurse here... */
    static int recursive;
    if (!recursive) {
        recursive = 1;
        sense_handler();
        /* danger! running these procedures can trigger srst assertions and power dropouts.
         * We need to avoid an infinite loop/recursion here and we do that by
         * clearing the flags after running these events.
         */
        int did_something = 0;
        if (run_srst_asserted) {
            LOG_INFO("srst asserted detected, running srst_asserted proc.");
            Jim_Eval(interp, "srst_asserted");
            did_something = 1;
        }
        if (run_srst_deasserted) {
            Jim_Eval(interp, "srst_deasserted");
            did_something = 1;
        }
        if (run_power_dropout) {
            LOG_INFO("Power dropout detected, running power_dropout proc.");
            Jim_Eval(interp, "power_dropout");
            did_something = 1;
        }
        if (run_power_restore) {
            Jim_Eval(interp, "power_restore");
            did_something = 1;
        }
 
        if (did_something) {
            /* clear detect flags */
            sense_handler();
        }
 
        /* clear action flags */
 
        run_srst_asserted = 0;
        run_srst_deasserted = 0;
        run_power_restore = 0;
        run_power_dropout = 0;
 
        recursive = 0;
    }
 
    /* Poll targets for state changes unless that's globally disabled.
     * Skip targets that are currently disabled.
     */
    for (struct target *target = all_targets;
            is_jtag_poll_safe() && target;
            target = target->next) {
 
        if (!target_was_examined(target))
            continue;
 
        if (!target->tap->enabled)
            continue;
 
        if (target->backoff.times > target->backoff.count) {
            /* do not poll this time as we failed previously */
            target->backoff.count++;
            continue;
        }
        target->backoff.count = 0;
 
        /* only poll target if we've got power and srst isn't asserted */
        if (!power_dropout && !srst_asserted) {
            /* polling may fail silently until the target has been examined */
            retval = target_poll(target);
            if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                /* 100ms polling interval. Increase interval between polling up to 5000ms */
                if (target->backoff.times * polling_interval < 5000) {
                    target->backoff.times *= 2;
                    target->backoff.times++;
                }
 
                /* Tell GDB to halt the debugger. This allows the user to
                 * run monitor commands to handle the situation.
                 */
                target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_GDB_HALT);
            }
            if (target->backoff.times > 0) {
                LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Polling failed, trying to reexamine");
                target_reset_examined(target);
                retval = target_examine_one(target);
                /* Target examination could have failed due to unstable connection,
                 * but we set the examined flag anyway to repoll it later */
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                    target_set_examined(target);
                    LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Examination failed, GDB will be halted. Polling again in %dms",
                         target->backoff.times * polling_interval);
                    return retval;
                }
            }
 
            /* Since we succeeded, we reset backoff count */
            target->backoff.times = 0;
        }
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_reg_command)
{
    LOG_DEBUG("-");
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_EXAMINED;
    }
    struct reg *reg = NULL;
 
    /* list all available registers for the current target */
    if (CMD_ARGC == 0) {
        struct reg_cache *cache = target->reg_cache;
 
        unsigned int count = 0;
        while (cache) {
            unsigned int i;
 
            command_print(CMD, "===== %s", cache->name);
 
            for (i = 0, reg = cache->reg_list;
                    i < cache->num_regs;
                    i++, reg++, count++) {
                if (!reg->exist || reg->hidden)
                    continue;
                /* only print cached values if they are valid */
                if (reg->valid) {
                    char *value = buf_to_hex_str(reg->value,
                            reg->size);
                    command_print(CMD,
                            "(%i) %s (/%" PRIu32 "): 0x%s%s",
                            count, reg->name,
                            reg->size, value,
                            reg->dirty
                                ? " (dirty)"
                                : "");
                    free(value);
                } else {
                    command_print(CMD, "(%i) %s (/%" PRIu32 ")",
                              count, reg->name,
                              reg->size);
                }
            }
            cache = cache->next;
        }
 
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    /* access a single register by its ordinal number */
    if ((CMD_ARGV[0][0] >= '0') && (CMD_ARGV[0][0] <= '9')) {
        unsigned int num;
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[0], num);
 
        struct reg_cache *cache = target->reg_cache;
        unsigned int count = 0;
        while (cache) {
            unsigned int i;
            for (i = 0; i < cache->num_regs; i++) {
                if (count++ == num) {
                    reg = &cache->reg_list[i];
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (reg)
                break;
            cache = cache->next;
        }
 
        if (!reg) {
            command_print(CMD, "%i is out of bounds, the current target "
                    "has only %i registers (0 - %i)", num, count, count - 1);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
    } else {
        /* access a single register by its name */
        reg = register_get_by_name(target->reg_cache, CMD_ARGV[0], true);
 
        if (!reg)
            goto not_found;
    }
 
    assert(reg); /* give clang a hint that we *know* reg is != NULL here */
 
    if (!reg->exist)
        goto not_found;
 
    /* display a register */
    if ((CMD_ARGC == 1) || ((CMD_ARGC == 2) && !((CMD_ARGV[1][0] >= '0')
            && (CMD_ARGV[1][0] <= '9')))) {
        if ((CMD_ARGC == 2) && (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[1], "force") == 0))
            reg->valid = false;
 
        if (!reg->valid) {
            int retval = reg->type->get(reg);
            if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("Could not read register '%s'", reg->name);
                return retval;
            }
        }
        char *value = buf_to_hex_str(reg->value, reg->size);
        command_print(CMD, "%s (/%i): 0x%s", reg->name, (int)(reg->size), value);
        free(value);
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    /* set register value */
    if (CMD_ARGC == 2) {
        uint8_t *buf = malloc(DIV_ROUND_UP(reg->size, 8));
        if (!buf) {
            LOG_ERROR("Failed to allocate memory");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        int retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(command_parse_str_to_buf, CMD_ARGV[1], buf, reg->size);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            free(buf);
            return retval;
        }
 
        retval = reg->type->set(reg, buf);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_ERROR("Could not write to register '%s'", reg->name);
        } else {
            char *value = buf_to_hex_str(reg->value, reg->size);
            command_print(CMD, "%s (/%i): 0x%s", reg->name, (int)(reg->size), value);
            free(value);
        }
 
        free(buf);
 
        return retval;
    }
 
    return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
not_found:
    command_print(CMD, "register %s not found in current target", CMD_ARGV[0]);
    return ERROR_FAIL;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_poll_command)
{
    int retval = ERROR_OK;
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 0) {
        command_print(CMD, "background polling: %s",
                jtag_poll_get_enabled() ? "on" : "off");
        command_print(CMD, "TAP: %s (%s)",
                target->tap->dotted_name,
                target->tap->enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled");
        if (!target->tap->enabled)
            return ERROR_OK;
        retval = target_poll(target);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return retval;
        retval = target_arch_state(target);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return retval;
    } else if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
        bool enable;
        COMMAND_PARSE_ON_OFF(CMD_ARGV[0], enable);
        jtag_poll_set_enabled(enable);
    } else
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_wait_halt_command)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    unsigned int ms = DEFAULT_HALT_TIMEOUT;
    if (1 == CMD_ARGC) {
        int retval = parse_uint(CMD_ARGV[0], &ms);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    return target_wait_state(target, TARGET_HALTED, ms);
}
 
/* wait for target state to change. The trick here is to have a low
 * latency for short waits and not to suck up all the CPU time
 * on longer waits.
 */
int target_wait_state(struct target *target, enum target_state state, unsigned int ms)
{
    int retval;
    int64_t then = 0, cur;
    bool once = true;
 
    for (;;) {
        retval = target_poll(target);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return retval;
        if (target->state == state)
            break;
        cur = timeval_ms();
        if (once) {
            once = false;
            then = timeval_ms();
            LOG_DEBUG("waiting for target %s...",
                nvp_value2name(nvp_target_state, state)->name);
        }
 
        keep_alive();
        if (openocd_is_shutdown_pending())
            return ERROR_SERVER_INTERRUPTED;
 
        if ((cur-then) > ms) {
            LOG_ERROR("timed out while waiting for target %s",
                nvp_value2name(nvp_target_state, state)->name);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_halt_command)
{
    LOG_DEBUG("-");
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    target->verbose_halt_msg = true;
 
    int retval = target_halt(target);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
        unsigned int wait_local;
        retval = parse_uint(CMD_ARGV[0], &wait_local);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        if (!wait_local)
            return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_wait_halt_command);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_soft_reset_halt_command)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    LOG_TARGET_INFO(target, "requesting target halt and executing a soft reset");
 
    target_soft_reset_halt(target);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_reset_command)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    enum target_reset_mode reset_mode = RESET_RUN;
    if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
        const struct nvp *n;
        n = nvp_name2value(nvp_reset_modes, CMD_ARGV[0]);
        if ((!n->name) || (n->value == RESET_UNKNOWN))
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        reset_mode = n->value;
    }
 
    /* reset *all* targets */
    return target_process_reset(CMD, reset_mode);
}
 
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_resume_command)
{
    bool current = true;
    if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    /* with no CMD_ARGV, resume from current pc, addr = 0,
     * with one arguments, addr = CMD_ARGV[0],
     * handle breakpoints, not debugging */
    target_addr_t addr = 0;
    if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
        current = false;
    }
 
    return target_resume(target, current, addr, true, false);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_step_command)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    LOG_DEBUG("-");
 
    /* with no CMD_ARGV, step from current pc, addr = 0,
     * with one argument addr = CMD_ARGV[0],
     * handle breakpoints, debugging */
    target_addr_t addr = 0;
    int current_pc = 1;
    if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
        current_pc = 0;
    }
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    return target_step(target, current_pc, addr, true);
}
 
void target_handle_md_output(struct command_invocation *cmd,
        struct target *target, target_addr_t address, unsigned int size,
        unsigned int count, const uint8_t *buffer, bool include_address)
{
    const unsigned int line_bytecnt = 32;
    unsigned int line_modulo = line_bytecnt / size;
 
    char output[line_bytecnt * 4 + 1];
    unsigned int output_len = 0;
 
    const char *value_fmt;
    switch (size) {
    case 8:
        value_fmt = "%16.16"PRIx64" ";
        break;
    case 4:
        value_fmt = "%8.8"PRIx64" ";
        break;
    case 2:
        value_fmt = "%4.4"PRIx64" ";
        break;
    case 1:
        value_fmt = "%2.2"PRIx64" ";
        break;
    default:
        /* "can't happen", caller checked */
        LOG_ERROR("invalid memory read size: %u", size);
        return;
    }
 
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        if (include_address && i % line_modulo == 0) {
            output_len += snprintf(output + output_len,
                    sizeof(output) - output_len,
                    TARGET_ADDR_FMT ": ",
                    (address + (i * size)));
        }
 
        uint64_t value = 0;
        const uint8_t *value_ptr = buffer + i * size;
        switch (size) {
        case 8:
            value = target_buffer_get_u64(target, value_ptr);
            break;
        case 4:
            value = target_buffer_get_u32(target, value_ptr);
            break;
        case 2:
            value = target_buffer_get_u16(target, value_ptr);
            break;
        case 1:
            value = *value_ptr;
        }
        output_len += snprintf(output + output_len,
                sizeof(output) - output_len,
                value_fmt, value);
 
        if ((i % line_modulo == line_modulo - 1) || (i == count - 1)) {
            command_print(cmd, "%s", output);
            output_len = 0;
        }
    }
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_md_command)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC < 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    unsigned int size = 0;
    switch (CMD_NAME[2]) {
    case 'd':
        size = 8;
        break;
    case 'w':
        size = 4;
        break;
    case 'h':
        size = 2;
        break;
    case 'b':
        size = 1;
        break;
    default:
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
 
    bool physical = strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "phys") == 0;
    int (*fn)(struct target *target,
            target_addr_t address, uint32_t size_value, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer);
    if (physical) {
        CMD_ARGC--;
        CMD_ARGV++;
        fn = target_read_phys_memory;
    } else
        fn = target_read_memory;
    if ((CMD_ARGC < 1) || (CMD_ARGC > 2))
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    target_addr_t address;
    COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], address);
 
    unsigned int count = 1;
    if (CMD_ARGC == 2)
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[1], count);
 
    uint8_t *buffer = calloc(count, size);
    if (!buffer) {
        LOG_ERROR("Failed to allocate md read buffer");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    int retval = fn(target, address, size, count, buffer);
    if (retval == ERROR_OK)
        target_handle_md_output(CMD, target, address, size, count, buffer, true);
 
    free(buffer);
 
    return retval;
}
 
typedef int (*target_write_fn)(struct target *target,
        target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer);
 
static int target_fill_mem(struct target *target,
        target_addr_t address,
        target_write_fn fn,
        unsigned int data_size,
        /* value */
        uint64_t b,
        /* count */
        unsigned int c)
{
    /* We have to write in reasonably large chunks to be able
     * to fill large memory areas with any sane speed */
    const unsigned int chunk_size = 16384;
    uint8_t *target_buf = malloc(chunk_size * data_size);
    if (!target_buf) {
        LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < chunk_size; i++) {
        switch (data_size) {
        case 8:
            target_buffer_set_u64(target, target_buf + i * data_size, b);
            break;
        case 4:
            target_buffer_set_u32(target, target_buf + i * data_size, b);
            break;
        case 2:
            target_buffer_set_u16(target, target_buf + i * data_size, b);
            break;
        case 1:
            target_buffer_set_u8(target, target_buf + i * data_size, b);
            break;
        default:
            exit(-1);
        }
    }
 
    int retval = ERROR_OK;
 
    for (unsigned int x = 0; x < c; x += chunk_size) {
        unsigned int current;
        current = c - x;
        if (current > chunk_size)
            current = chunk_size;
        retval = fn(target, address + x * data_size, data_size, current, target_buf);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            break;
        /* avoid GDB timeouts */
        keep_alive();
 
        if (openocd_is_shutdown_pending()) {
            retval = ERROR_SERVER_INTERRUPTED;
            break;
        }
    }
    free(target_buf);
 
    return retval;
}
 
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_mw_command)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC < 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    bool physical = strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "phys") == 0;
    target_write_fn fn;
    if (physical) {
        CMD_ARGC--;
        CMD_ARGV++;
        fn = target_write_phys_memory;
    } else
        fn = target_write_memory;
    if ((CMD_ARGC < 2) || (CMD_ARGC > 3))
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    target_addr_t address;
    COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], address);
 
    uint64_t value;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u64, CMD_ARGV[1], value);
 
    unsigned int count = 1;
    if (CMD_ARGC == 3)
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[2], count);
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    unsigned int wordsize;
    switch (CMD_NAME[2]) {
    case 'd':
        wordsize = 8;
        break;
    case 'w':
        wordsize = 4;
        break;
    case 'h':
        wordsize = 2;
        break;
    case 'b':
        wordsize = 1;
        break;
    default:
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
 
    return target_fill_mem(target, address, fn, wordsize, value, count);
}
 
static COMMAND_HELPER(parse_load_image_command, struct image *image,
        target_addr_t *min_address, target_addr_t *max_address)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC < 1 || CMD_ARGC > 5)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    /* a base address isn't always necessary,
     * default to 0x0 (i.e. don't relocate) */
    if (CMD_ARGC >= 2) {
        target_addr_t addr;
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[1], addr);
        image->base_address = addr;
        image->base_address_set = true;
    } else
        image->base_address_set = false;
 
    image->start_address_set = false;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC >= 4)
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[3], *min_address);
    if (CMD_ARGC == 5) {
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[4], *max_address);
        /* use size (given) to find max (required) */
        *max_address += *min_address;
    }
 
    if (*min_address > *max_address)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_load_image_command)
{
    uint8_t *buffer;
    size_t buf_cnt;
    uint32_t image_size;
    target_addr_t min_address = 0;
    target_addr_t max_address = -1;
    struct image image;
 
    int retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(parse_load_image_command,
            &image, &min_address, &max_address);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    struct duration bench;
    duration_start(&bench);
 
    if (image_open(&image, CMD_ARGV[0], (CMD_ARGC >= 3) ? CMD_ARGV[2] : NULL) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    image_size = 0x0;
    retval = ERROR_OK;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < image.num_sections; i++) {
        buffer = malloc(image.sections[i].size);
        if (!buffer) {
            command_print(CMD,
                          "error allocating buffer for section (%d bytes)",
                          (int)(image.sections[i].size));
            retval = ERROR_FAIL;
            break;
        }
 
        retval = image_read_section(&image, i, 0x0, image.sections[i].size, buffer, &buf_cnt);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            free(buffer);
            break;
        }
 
        uint32_t offset = 0;
        uint32_t length = buf_cnt;
 
        /* DANGER!!! beware of unsigned comparison here!!! */
 
        if ((image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt >= min_address) &&
                (image.sections[i].base_address < max_address)) {
 
            if (image.sections[i].base_address < min_address) {
                /* clip addresses below */
                offset += min_address-image.sections[i].base_address;
                length -= offset;
            }
 
            if (image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt > max_address)
                length -= (image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt)-max_address;
 
            retval = target_write_buffer(target,
                    image.sections[i].base_address + offset, length, buffer + offset);
            if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                free(buffer);
                break;
            }
            image_size += length;
            command_print(CMD, "%u bytes written at address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT "",
                    (unsigned int)length,
                    image.sections[i].base_address + offset);
        }
 
        free(buffer);
    }
 
    if ((retval == ERROR_OK) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
        command_print(CMD, "downloaded %" PRIu32 " bytes "
                "in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", image_size,
                duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, image_size));
    }
 
    image_close(&image);
 
    return retval;
 
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_dump_image_command)
{
    struct fileio *fileio;
    uint8_t *buffer;
    int retval, retvaltemp;
    target_addr_t address, size;
    struct duration bench;
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    if (CMD_ARGC != 3)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[1], address);
    COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[2], size);
 
    uint32_t buf_size = (size > 4096) ? 4096 : size;
    buffer = malloc(buf_size);
    if (!buffer)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    retval = fileio_open(&fileio, CMD_ARGV[0], FILEIO_WRITE, FILEIO_BINARY);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        free(buffer);
        return retval;
    }
 
    duration_start(&bench);
 
    while (size > 0) {
        size_t size_written;
        uint32_t this_run_size = (size > buf_size) ? buf_size : size;
        retval = target_read_buffer(target, address, this_run_size, buffer);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            break;
 
        retval = fileio_write(fileio, this_run_size, buffer, &size_written);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            break;
 
        size -= this_run_size;
        address += this_run_size;
    }
 
    free(buffer);
 
    if ((retval == ERROR_OK) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
        size_t filesize;
        retval = fileio_size(fileio, &filesize);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return retval;
        command_print(CMD,
                "dumped %zu bytes in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", filesize,
                duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, filesize));
    }
 
    retvaltemp = fileio_close(fileio);
    if (retvaltemp != ERROR_OK)
        return retvaltemp;
 
    return retval;
}
 
enum verify_mode {
    IMAGE_TEST = 0,
    IMAGE_VERIFY = 1,
    IMAGE_CHECKSUM_ONLY = 2
};
 
static COMMAND_HELPER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, enum verify_mode verify)
{
    uint8_t *buffer;
    size_t buf_cnt;
    uint32_t image_size;
    int retval;
    uint32_t checksum = 0;
    uint32_t mem_checksum = 0;
 
    struct image image;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (!target) {
        LOG_ERROR("no target selected");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    struct duration bench;
    duration_start(&bench);
 
    if (CMD_ARGC >= 2) {
        target_addr_t addr;
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[1], addr);
        image.base_address = addr;
        image.base_address_set = true;
    } else {
        image.base_address_set = false;
        image.base_address = 0x0;
    }
 
    image.start_address_set = false;
 
    retval = image_open(&image, CMD_ARGV[0], (CMD_ARGC == 3) ? CMD_ARGV[2] : NULL);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    image_size = 0x0;
    int diffs = 0;
    retval = ERROR_OK;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < image.num_sections; i++) {
        buffer = malloc(image.sections[i].size);
        if (!buffer) {
            command_print(CMD,
                    "error allocating buffer for section (%" PRIu32 " bytes)",
                    image.sections[i].size);
            break;
        }
        retval = image_read_section(&image, i, 0x0, image.sections[i].size, buffer, &buf_cnt);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            free(buffer);
            break;
        }
 
        if (verify >= IMAGE_VERIFY) {
            /* calculate checksum of image */
            retval = image_calculate_checksum(buffer, buf_cnt, &checksum);
            if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                free(buffer);
                break;
            }
 
            retval = target_checksum_memory(target, image.sections[i].base_address, buf_cnt, &mem_checksum);
            if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                free(buffer);
                break;
            }
            if ((checksum != mem_checksum) && (verify == IMAGE_CHECKSUM_ONLY)) {
                LOG_ERROR("checksum mismatch");
                free(buffer);
                retval = ERROR_FAIL;
                goto done;
            }
            if (checksum != mem_checksum) {
                /* failed crc checksum, fall back to a binary compare */
                uint8_t *data;
 
                if (diffs == 0)
                    LOG_ERROR("checksum mismatch - attempting binary compare");
 
                data = malloc(buf_cnt);
 
                retval = target_read_buffer(target, image.sections[i].base_address, buf_cnt, data);
                if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                    uint32_t t;
                    for (t = 0; t < buf_cnt; t++) {
                        if (data[t] != buffer[t]) {
                            command_print(CMD,
                                "diff %d address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ". Was 0x%02" PRIx8 " instead of 0x%02" PRIx8,
                                diffs,
                                t + image.sections[i].base_address,
                                data[t],
                                buffer[t]);
                            if (diffs++ >= 127) {
                                command_print(CMD, "More than 128 errors, the rest are not printed.");
                                free(data);
                                free(buffer);
                                goto done;
                            }
                        }
                        keep_alive();
                        if (openocd_is_shutdown_pending()) {
                            retval = ERROR_SERVER_INTERRUPTED;
                            free(data);
                            free(buffer);
                            goto done;
                        }
                    }
                }
                free(data);
            }
        } else {
            command_print(CMD, "address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " length 0x%08zx",
                          image.sections[i].base_address,
                          buf_cnt);
        }
 
        free(buffer);
        image_size += buf_cnt;
    }
    if (diffs > 0)
        command_print(CMD, "No more differences found.");
done:
    if (diffs > 0)
        retval = ERROR_FAIL;
    if ((retval == ERROR_OK) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
        command_print(CMD, "verified %" PRIu32 " bytes "
                "in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", image_size,
                duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, image_size));
    }
 
    image_close(&image);
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_checksum_command)
{
    return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, IMAGE_CHECKSUM_ONLY);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_command)
{
    return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, IMAGE_VERIFY);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_test_image_command)
{
    return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, IMAGE_TEST);
}
 
static int handle_bp_command_list(struct command_invocation *cmd)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(cmd->ctx);
    struct breakpoint *breakpoint = target->breakpoints;
    while (breakpoint) {
        if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_SOFT) {
            char *buf = buf_to_hex_str(breakpoint->orig_instr,
                    breakpoint->length * 8);
            command_print(cmd, "Software breakpoint(IVA): addr=" TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", len=0x%x, orig_instr=0x%s",
                    breakpoint->address,
                    breakpoint->length,
                    buf);
            free(buf);
        } else {
            if ((breakpoint->address == 0) && (breakpoint->asid != 0))
                command_print(cmd, "Context breakpoint: asid=0x%8.8" PRIx32 ", len=0x%x, num=%u",
                            breakpoint->asid,
                            breakpoint->length, breakpoint->number);
            else if ((breakpoint->address != 0) && (breakpoint->asid != 0)) {
                command_print(cmd, "Hybrid breakpoint(IVA): addr=" TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", len=0x%x, num=%u",
                            breakpoint->address,
                            breakpoint->length, breakpoint->number);
                command_print(cmd, "\t|--->linked with ContextID: 0x%8.8" PRIx32,
                            breakpoint->asid);
            } else
                command_print(cmd, "Hardware breakpoint(IVA): addr=" TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", len=0x%x, num=%u",
                            breakpoint->address,
                            breakpoint->length, breakpoint->number);
        }
 
        breakpoint = breakpoint->next;
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int handle_bp_command_set(struct command_invocation *cmd,
        target_addr_t addr, uint32_t asid, unsigned int length, int hw)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(cmd->ctx);
    int retval;
 
    if (asid == 0) {
        retval = breakpoint_add(target, addr, length, hw);
        /* error is always logged in breakpoint_add(), do not print it again */
        if (retval == ERROR_OK)
            command_print(cmd, "breakpoint set at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT "", addr);
 
    } else if (addr == 0) {
        if (!target->type->add_context_breakpoint) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Context breakpoint not available");
            return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
        }
        retval = context_breakpoint_add(target, asid, length, hw);
        /* error is always logged in context_breakpoint_add(), do not print it again */
        if (retval == ERROR_OK)
            command_print(cmd, "Context breakpoint set at 0x%8.8" PRIx32, asid);
 
    } else {
        if (!target->type->add_hybrid_breakpoint) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Hybrid breakpoint not available");
            return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
        }
        retval = hybrid_breakpoint_add(target, addr, asid, length, hw);
        /* error is always logged in hybrid_breakpoint_add(), do not print it again */
        if (retval == ERROR_OK)
            command_print(cmd, "Hybrid breakpoint set at 0x%8.8" PRIx32, asid);
    }
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_bp_command)
{
    target_addr_t addr;
    uint32_t asid;
    uint32_t length;
    int hw = BKPT_SOFT;
 
    switch (CMD_ARGC) {
    case 0:
        return handle_bp_command_list(CMD);
 
    case 2:
        asid = 0;
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], length);
        return handle_bp_command_set(CMD, addr, asid, length, hw);
 
    case 3:
        if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[2], "hw") == 0) {
            hw = BKPT_HARD;
            COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
            COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], length);
            asid = 0;
            return handle_bp_command_set(CMD, addr, asid, length, hw);
        } else if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[2], "hw_ctx") == 0) {
            hw = BKPT_HARD;
            COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], asid);
            COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], length);
            addr = 0;
            return handle_bp_command_set(CMD, addr, asid, length, hw);
        }
        /* fallthrough */
    case 4:
        hw = BKPT_HARD;
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], asid);
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], length);
        return handle_bp_command_set(CMD, addr, asid, length, hw);
 
    default:
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_rbp_command)
{
    int retval;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "all")) {
        retval = breakpoint_remove_all(target);
 
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            command_print(CMD, "Error encountered during removal of all breakpoints.");
            command_print(CMD, "Some breakpoints may have remained set.");
        }
    } else {
        target_addr_t addr;
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
 
        retval = breakpoint_remove(target, addr);
 
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            command_print(CMD, "Error during removal of breakpoint at address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT, addr);
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_wp_command)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 0) {
        struct watchpoint *watchpoint = target->watchpoints;
 
        while (watchpoint) {
            char wp_type = (watchpoint->rw == WPT_READ ? 'r' : (watchpoint->rw == WPT_WRITE ? 'w' : 'a'));
            command_print(CMD, "address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT
                    ", len: 0x%8.8x"
                    ", r/w/a: %c, value: 0x%8.8" PRIx64
                    ", mask: 0x%8.8" PRIx64,
                    watchpoint->address,
                    watchpoint->length,
                    wp_type,
                    watchpoint->value,
                    watchpoint->mask);
            watchpoint = watchpoint->next;
        }
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    enum watchpoint_rw type = WPT_ACCESS;
    target_addr_t addr = 0;
    uint32_t length = 0;
    uint64_t data_value = 0x0;
    uint64_t data_mask = WATCHPOINT_IGNORE_DATA_VALUE_MASK;
    bool mask_specified = false;
 
    switch (CMD_ARGC) {
    case 5:
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u64, CMD_ARGV[4], data_mask);
        mask_specified = true;
        /* fall through */
    case 4:
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u64, CMD_ARGV[3], data_value);
        // if user specified only data value without mask - the mask should be 0
        if (!mask_specified)
            data_mask = 0;
        /* fall through */
    case 3:
        switch (CMD_ARGV[2][0]) {
        case 'r':
            type = WPT_READ;
            break;
        case 'w':
            type = WPT_WRITE;
            break;
        case 'a':
            type = WPT_ACCESS;
            break;
        default:
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "invalid watchpoint mode ('%c')", CMD_ARGV[2][0]);
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }
        /* fall through */
    case 2:
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], length);
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
        break;
 
    default:
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
 
    int retval = watchpoint_add(target, addr, length, type,
            data_value, data_mask);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failure setting watchpoints");
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_rwp_command)
{
    int retval;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "all")) {
        retval = watchpoint_remove_all(target);
 
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            command_print(CMD, "Error encountered during removal of all watchpoints.");
            command_print(CMD, "Some watchpoints may have remained set.");
        }
    } else {
        target_addr_t addr;
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
 
        retval = watchpoint_remove(target, addr);
 
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            command_print(CMD, "Error during removal of watchpoint at address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT, addr);
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_virt2phys_command)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    target_addr_t va;
    COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], va);
    target_addr_t pa;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    int retval = target->type->virt2phys(target, va, &pa);
    if (retval == ERROR_OK)
        command_print(CMD, "Physical address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT "", pa);
 
    return retval;
}
 
static void write_data(FILE *f, const void *data, size_t len)
{
    size_t written = fwrite(data, 1, len, f);
    if (written != len)
        LOG_ERROR("failed to write %zu bytes: %s", len, strerror(errno));
}
 
static void write_long(FILE *f, int l, struct target *target)
{
    uint8_t val[4];
 
    target_buffer_set_u32(target, val, l);
    write_data(f, val, 4);
}
 
static void write_string(FILE *f, char *s)
{
    write_data(f, s, strlen(s));
}
 
typedef unsigned char UNIT[2];  /* unit of profiling */
 
/* Dump a gmon.out histogram file. */
static void write_gmon(uint32_t *samples, uint32_t sample_num, const char *filename, bool with_range,
            uint32_t start_address, uint32_t end_address, struct target *target, uint32_t duration_ms)
{
    uint32_t i;
    FILE *f = fopen(filename, "wb");
    if (!f)
        return;
    write_string(f, "gmon");
    write_long(f, 0x00000001, target); /* Version */
    write_long(f, 0, target); /* padding */
    write_long(f, 0, target); /* padding */
    write_long(f, 0, target); /* padding */
 
    uint8_t zero = 0;  /* GMON_TAG_TIME_HIST */
    write_data(f, &zero, 1);
 
    /* figure out bucket size */
    uint32_t min;
    uint32_t max;
    if (with_range) {
        min = start_address;
        max = end_address;
    } else {
        min = samples[0];
        max = samples[0];
        for (i = 0; i < sample_num; i++) {
            if (min > samples[i])
                min = samples[i];
            if (max < samples[i])
                max = samples[i];
        }
 
        /* max should be (largest sample + 1)
         * Refer to binutils/gprof/hist.c (find_histogram_for_pc) */
        if (max < UINT32_MAX)
            max++;
 
        /* gprof requires (max - min) >= 2 */
        while ((max - min) < 2) {
            if (max < UINT32_MAX)
                max++;
            else
                min--;
        }
    }
 
    uint32_t address_space = max - min;
 
    /* FIXME: What is the reasonable number of buckets?
     * The profiling result will be more accurate if there are enough buckets. */
    static const uint32_t max_buckets = 128 * 1024; /* maximum buckets. */
    uint32_t num_buckets = address_space / sizeof(UNIT);
    if (num_buckets > max_buckets)
        num_buckets = max_buckets;
    int *buckets = malloc(sizeof(int) * num_buckets);
    if (!buckets) {
        fclose(f);
        return;
    }
    memset(buckets, 0, sizeof(int) * num_buckets);
    for (i = 0; i < sample_num; i++) {
        uint32_t address = samples[i];
 
        if ((address < min) || (max <= address))
            continue;
 
        long long a = address - min;
        long long b = num_buckets;
        long long c = address_space;
        int index_t = (a * b) / c; /* danger!!!! int32 overflows */
        buckets[index_t]++;
    }
 
    /* append binary memory gmon.out &profile_hist_hdr ((char*)&profile_hist_hdr + sizeof(struct gmon_hist_hdr)) */
    write_long(f, min, target);         /* low_pc */
    write_long(f, max, target);         /* high_pc */
    write_long(f, num_buckets, target); /* # of buckets */
    float sample_rate = sample_num / (duration_ms / 1000.0);
    write_long(f, sample_rate, target);
    write_string(f, "seconds");
    for (i = 0; i < (15-strlen("seconds")); i++)
        write_data(f, &zero, 1);
    write_string(f, "s");
 
    /*append binary memory gmon.out profile_hist_data (profile_hist_data + profile_hist_hdr.hist_size) */
 
    char *data = malloc(2 * num_buckets);
    if (data) {
        for (i = 0; i < num_buckets; i++) {
            int val;
            val = buckets[i];
            if (val > 65535)
                val = 65535;
            data[i * 2] = val&0xff;
            data[i * 2 + 1] = (val >> 8) & 0xff;
        }
        free(buckets);
        write_data(f, data, num_buckets * 2);
        free(data);
    } else
        free(buckets);
 
    fclose(f);
}
 
/* profiling samples the CPU PC as quickly as OpenOCD is able,
 * which will be used as a random sampling of PC */
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_profile_command)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    if ((CMD_ARGC != 2) && (CMD_ARGC != 4))
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    const uint32_t MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_NUM = 1000000;
    uint32_t offset;
    uint32_t num_of_samples;
    int retval = ERROR_OK;
    bool halted_before_profiling = target->state == TARGET_HALTED;
 
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], offset);
 
    uint32_t start_address = 0;
    uint32_t end_address = 0;
    bool with_range = false;
    if (CMD_ARGC == 4) {
        with_range = true;
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], start_address);
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[3], end_address);
        if (start_address > end_address || (end_address - start_address) < 2) {
            command_print(CMD, "Error: end - start < 2");
            return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
        }
    }
 
    uint32_t *samples = malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) * MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_NUM);
    if (!samples) {
        LOG_ERROR("No memory to store samples.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    uint64_t timestart_ms = timeval_ms();
    retval = target_profiling(target, samples, MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_NUM,
                &num_of_samples, offset);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        free(samples);
        return retval;
    }
    uint32_t duration_ms = timeval_ms() - timestart_ms;
 
    assert(num_of_samples <= MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_NUM);
 
    retval = target_poll(target);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        free(samples);
        return retval;
    }
 
    if (target->state == TARGET_RUNNING && halted_before_profiling) {
        /* The target was halted before we started and is running now. Halt it,
         * for consistency. */
        retval = target_halt(target);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            free(samples);
            return retval;
        }
    } else if (target->state == TARGET_HALTED && !halted_before_profiling) {
        /* The target was running before we started and is halted now. Resume
         * it, for consistency. */
        retval = target_resume(target, true, 0, false, false);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            free(samples);
            return retval;
        }
    }
 
    retval = target_poll(target);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        free(samples);
        return retval;
    }
 
    write_gmon(samples, num_of_samples, CMD_ARGV[1],
           with_range, start_address, end_address, target, duration_ms);
    command_print(CMD, "Wrote %s", CMD_ARGV[1]);
 
    free(samples);
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_read_memory)
{
    /*
     * CMD_ARGV[0] = memory address
     * CMD_ARGV[1] = desired element width in bits
     * CMD_ARGV[2] = number of elements to read
     * CMD_ARGV[3] = optional "phys"
     */
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 3 || CMD_ARGC > 4)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    /* Arg 1: Memory address. */
    target_addr_t addr;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u64, CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
 
    /* Arg 2: Bit width of one element. */
    unsigned int width_bits;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[1], width_bits);
 
    /* Arg 3: Number of elements to read. */
    unsigned int count;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[2], count);
 
    /* Arg 4: Optional 'phys'. */
    bool is_phys = false;
    if (CMD_ARGC == 4) {
        if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[3], "phys")) {
            command_print(CMD, "invalid argument '%s', must be 'phys'", CMD_ARGV[3]);
            return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
        }
 
        is_phys = true;
    }
 
    switch (width_bits) {
    case 8:
    case 16:
    case 32:
    case 64:
        break;
    default:
        command_print(CMD, "invalid width, must be 8, 16, 32 or 64");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    if (count > 65536) {
        command_print(CMD, "too large read request, exceeds 64K elements");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    const unsigned int width = width_bits / 8;
    /* -1 is needed to handle cases when (addr + count * width) results in zero
     * due to overflow.
     */
    if ((addr + count * width - 1) < addr) {
        command_print(CMD, "memory region wraps over address zero");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    const size_t buffersize = 4096;
    uint8_t *buffer = malloc(buffersize);
 
    if (!buffer) {
        LOG_ERROR("Failed to allocate memory");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    char *separator = "";
    while (count > 0) {
        const unsigned int max_chunk_len = buffersize / width;
        const size_t chunk_len = MIN(count, max_chunk_len);
 
        int retval;
 
        if (is_phys)
            retval = target_read_phys_memory(target, addr, width, chunk_len, buffer);
        else
            retval = target_read_memory(target, addr, width, chunk_len, buffer);
 
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_DEBUG("read at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " with width=%u and count=%zu failed",
                addr, width_bits, chunk_len);
            /*
             * FIXME: we append the errmsg to the list of value already read.
             * Add a way to flush and replace old output, but LOG_DEBUG() it
             */
            command_print(CMD, "failed to read memory");
            free(buffer);
            return retval;
        }
 
        for (size_t i = 0; i < chunk_len ; i++) {
            uint64_t v = 0;
 
            switch (width) {
            case 8:
                v = target_buffer_get_u64(target, &buffer[i * width]);
                break;
            case 4:
                v = target_buffer_get_u32(target, &buffer[i * width]);
                break;
            case 2:
                v = target_buffer_get_u16(target, &buffer[i * width]);
                break;
            case 1:
                v = buffer[i];
                break;
            }
 
            command_print_sameline(CMD, "%s0x%" PRIx64, separator, v);
            separator = " ";
        }
 
        count -= chunk_len;
        addr += chunk_len * width;
    }
 
    free(buffer);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_write_memory)
{
    /*
     * CMD_ARGV[0] = memory address
     * CMD_ARGV[1] = desired element width in bits
     * CMD_ARGV[2] = list of data to write
     * CMD_ARGV[3] = optional "phys"
     */
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 3 || CMD_ARGC > 4)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    /* Arg 1: Memory address. */
    target_addr_t addr;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u64, CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
 
    /* Arg 2: Bit width of one element. */
    unsigned int width_bits;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[1], width_bits);
 
    /* Arg 3: Elements to write. */
    size_t count = Jim_ListLength(CMD_CTX->interp, CMD_JIMTCL_ARGV[2]);
 
    /* Arg 4: Optional 'phys'. */
    bool is_phys = false;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 4) {
        if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[3], "phys")) {
            command_print(CMD, "invalid argument '%s', must be 'phys'", CMD_ARGV[3]);
            return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
        }
 
        is_phys = true;
    }
 
    switch (width_bits) {
    case 8:
    case 16:
    case 32:
    case 64:
        break;
    default:
        command_print(CMD, "invalid width, must be 8, 16, 32 or 64");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    if (count > 65536) {
        command_print(CMD, "too large memory write request, exceeds 64K elements");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    const unsigned int width = width_bits / 8;
    /* -1 is needed to handle cases when (addr + count * width) results in zero
     * due to overflow.
     */
    if ((addr + count * width - 1) < addr) {
        command_print(CMD, "memory region wraps over address zero");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    const size_t buffersize = 4096;
    uint8_t *buffer = malloc(buffersize);
 
    if (!buffer) {
        LOG_ERROR("Failed to allocate memory");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    size_t j = 0;
 
    while (count > 0) {
        const unsigned int max_chunk_len = buffersize / width;
        const size_t chunk_len = MIN(count, max_chunk_len);
 
        for (size_t i = 0; i < chunk_len; i++, j++) {
            Jim_Obj *tmp = Jim_ListGetIndex(CMD_CTX->interp, CMD_JIMTCL_ARGV[2], j);
            jim_wide element_wide;
            int jimretval = Jim_GetWide(CMD_CTX->interp, tmp, &element_wide);
            if (jimretval != JIM_OK) {
                command_print(CMD, "invalid value \"%s\"", Jim_GetString(tmp, NULL));
                free(buffer);
                return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
            }
 
            const uint64_t v = element_wide;
 
            switch (width) {
            case 8:
                target_buffer_set_u64(target, &buffer[i * width], v);
                break;
            case 4:
                target_buffer_set_u32(target, &buffer[i * width], v);
                break;
            case 2:
                target_buffer_set_u16(target, &buffer[i * width], v);
                break;
            case 1:
                buffer[i] = v & 0x0ff;
                break;
            }
        }
 
        count -= chunk_len;
 
        int retval;
 
        if (is_phys)
            retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, addr, width, chunk_len, buffer);
        else
            retval = target_write_memory(target, addr, width, chunk_len, buffer);
 
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_DEBUG("write at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " with width=%u and count=%zu failed",
                addr,  width_bits, chunk_len);
            command_print(CMD, "failed to write memory");
            free(buffer);
            return retval;
        }
 
        addr += chunk_len * width;
    }
 
    free(buffer);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
/* FIX? should we propagate errors here rather than printing them
 * and continuing?
 */
void target_handle_event(struct target *target, enum target_event e)
{
    struct target_event_action *teap, *tmp;
    int retval;
 
    list_for_each_entry_safe(teap, tmp, &target->events_action, list) {
        if (teap->event == e) {
            /*
             * The event can be destroyed by its own handler.
             * Make a local copy and use it in place of the original.
             */
            struct target_event_action local_teap = *teap;
            teap = &local_teap;
 
            LOG_DEBUG("target: %s (%s) event: %d (%s) action: %s",
                       target_name(target),
                       target_type_name(target),
                       e,
                       target_event_name(e),
                       Jim_GetString(teap->body, NULL));
 
            /* Override current target by the target an event
             * is issued from (lot of scripts need it).
             * Return back to previous override as soon
             * as the handler processing is done */
            struct command_context *cmd_ctx = current_command_context(teap->interp);
            struct target *saved_target_override = cmd_ctx->current_target_override;
            cmd_ctx->current_target_override = target;
 
            /*
             * The event can be destroyed by its own handler.
             * Prevent the body to get deallocated by Jim.
             */
            Jim_IncrRefCount(teap->body);
            retval = Jim_EvalObj(teap->interp, teap->body);
            Jim_DecrRefCount(teap->interp, teap->body);
 
            cmd_ctx->current_target_override = saved_target_override;
 
            if (retval == ERROR_COMMAND_CLOSE_CONNECTION)
                return;
 
            if (retval == JIM_RETURN)
                retval = teap->interp->returnCode;
 
            if (retval != JIM_OK) {
                Jim_MakeErrorMessage(teap->interp);
                LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Execution of event %s failed:\n%s",
                          target_event_name(e),
                          Jim_GetString(Jim_GetResult(teap->interp), NULL));
                /* clean both error code and stacktrace before return */
                Jim_Eval(teap->interp, "error \"\" \"\"");
            }
        }
    }
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_get_reg)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC < 1 || CMD_ARGC > 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    bool force = false;
    Jim_Obj *next_argv = CMD_JIMTCL_ARGV[0];
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 2) {
        if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "-force")) {
            command_print(CMD, "invalid argument '%s', must be '-force'", CMD_ARGV[0]);
            return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
        }
 
        force = true;
        next_argv = CMD_JIMTCL_ARGV[1];
    }
 
    const int length = Jim_ListLength(CMD_CTX->interp, next_argv);
 
    const struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        Jim_Obj *elem = Jim_ListGetIndex(CMD_CTX->interp, next_argv, i);
 
        const char *reg_name = Jim_String(elem);
 
        struct reg *reg = register_get_by_name(target->reg_cache, reg_name, true);
 
        if (!reg || !reg->exist) {
            command_print(CMD, "unknown register '%s'", reg_name);
            return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
        }
 
        if (force || !reg->valid) {
            int retval = reg->type->get(reg);
 
            if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                command_print(CMD, "failed to read register '%s'", reg_name);
                return retval;
            }
        }
 
        char *reg_value = buf_to_hex_str(reg->value, reg->size);
 
        if (!reg_value) {
            LOG_ERROR("Failed to allocate memory");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        command_print(CMD, "%s 0x%s", reg_name, reg_value);
 
        free(reg_value);
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_set_reg_command)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    int tmp;
#if JIM_VERSION >= 80
    Jim_Obj **dict = Jim_DictPairs(CMD_CTX->interp, CMD_JIMTCL_ARGV[0], &tmp);
 
    if (!dict)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
#else
    Jim_Obj **dict;
    int ret = Jim_DictPairs(CMD_CTX->interp, CMD_JIMTCL_ARGV[0], &dict, &tmp);
 
    if (ret != JIM_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
#endif
 
    const unsigned int length = tmp;
 
    const struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    assert(target);
 
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < length; i += 2) {
        const char *reg_name = Jim_String(dict[i]);
        const char *reg_value = Jim_String(dict[i + 1]);
        struct reg *reg = register_get_by_name(target->reg_cache, reg_name, true);
 
        if (!reg || !reg->exist) {
            command_print(CMD, "unknown register '%s'", reg_name);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        uint8_t *buf = malloc(DIV_ROUND_UP(reg->size, 8));
        if (!buf) {
            LOG_ERROR("Failed to allocate memory");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        int retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(command_parse_str_to_buf, reg_value, buf, reg->size);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            free(buf);
            return retval;
        }
 
        retval = reg->type->set(reg, buf);
        free(buf);
 
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            command_print(CMD, "failed to set '%s' to register '%s'",
                reg_value, reg_name);
            return retval;
        }
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
bool target_has_event_action(const struct target *target, enum target_event event)
{
    struct target_event_action *teap;
 
    list_for_each_entry(teap, &target->events_action, list) {
        if (teap->event == event)
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}
 
enum target_cfg_param {
    TCFG_TYPE,
    TCFG_EVENT,
    TCFG_WORK_AREA_VIRT,
    TCFG_WORK_AREA_PHYS,
    TCFG_WORK_AREA_SIZE,
    TCFG_WORK_AREA_BACKUP,
    TCFG_ENDIAN,
    TCFG_COREID,
    TCFG_CHAIN_POSITION,
    TCFG_DBGBASE,
    TCFG_RTOS,
    TCFG_DEFER_EXAMINE,
    TCFG_GDB_PORT,
    TCFG_GDB_MAX_CONNECTIONS,
};
 
static struct nvp nvp_config_opts[] = {
    { .name = "-type",             .value = TCFG_TYPE },
    { .name = "-event",            .value = TCFG_EVENT },
    { .name = "-work-area-virt",   .value = TCFG_WORK_AREA_VIRT },
    { .name = "-work-area-phys",   .value = TCFG_WORK_AREA_PHYS },
    { .name = "-work-area-size",   .value = TCFG_WORK_AREA_SIZE },
    { .name = "-work-area-backup", .value = TCFG_WORK_AREA_BACKUP },
    { .name = "-endian",           .value = TCFG_ENDIAN },
    { .name = "-coreid",           .value = TCFG_COREID },
    { .name = "-chain-position",   .value = TCFG_CHAIN_POSITION },
    { .name = "-dbgbase",          .value = TCFG_DBGBASE },
    { .name = "-rtos",             .value = TCFG_RTOS },
    { .name = "-defer-examine",    .value = TCFG_DEFER_EXAMINE },
    { .name = "-gdb-port",         .value = TCFG_GDB_PORT },
    { .name = "-gdb-max-connections",   .value = TCFG_GDB_MAX_CONNECTIONS },
    { .name = NULL, .value = -1 }
};
 
static COMMAND_HELPER(target_configure, struct target *target, unsigned int index, bool is_configure)
{
    const struct nvp *n;
    int retval;
 
    /* parse config or cget options ... */
    while (index < CMD_ARGC) {
        if (target->type->target_jim_configure) {
            /* target defines a configure function */
            /* target gets first dibs on parameters */
            struct jim_getopt_info goi;
            jim_getopt_setup(&goi, CMD_CTX->interp, CMD_ARGC - index, CMD_JIMTCL_ARGV + index);
            goi.is_configure = is_configure;
            int e = (*target->type->target_jim_configure)(target, &goi);
            index = CMD_ARGC - goi.argc;
 
            int reslen;
            const char *result = Jim_GetString(Jim_GetResult(CMD_CTX->interp), &reslen);
            if (reslen > 0)
                command_print(CMD, "%s", result);
 
            if (e == JIM_OK) {
                /* more? */
                continue;
            }
            if (e == JIM_ERR) {
                /* An error */
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
            /* otherwise we 'continue' below */
        }
        n = nvp_name2value(nvp_config_opts, CMD_ARGV[index]);
        if (!n->name) {
            nvp_unknown_command_print(CMD, nvp_config_opts, NULL, CMD_ARGV[index]);
            return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
        }
        index++;
        switch (n->value) {
        case TCFG_TYPE:
            /* not settable */
            if (is_configure) {
                command_print(CMD, "not settable: %s", n->name);
                return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
            }
            if (index != CMD_ARGC)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
            command_print(CMD, "%s", target_type_name(target));
            /* loop for more */
            break;
 
        case TCFG_EVENT:
            if (index == CMD_ARGC) {
                command_print(CMD, "expecting %s event-name event-body",
                        CMD_ARGV[index - 1]);
                return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
            }
 
            n = nvp_name2value(nvp_target_event, CMD_ARGV[index]);
            if (!n->name) {
                nvp_unknown_command_print(CMD, nvp_target_event, CMD_ARGV[index - 1], CMD_ARGV[index]);
                return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
            }
            index++;
 
            if (is_configure) {
                if (index == CMD_ARGC) {
                    command_print(CMD, "expecting %s %s event-body",
                            CMD_ARGV[index - 2], CMD_ARGV[index - 1]);
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
            }
 
            {
                struct target_event_action *teap;
 
                /* replace existing? */
                list_for_each_entry(teap, &target->events_action, list)
                    if (teap->event == (enum target_event)n->value)
                        break;
 
                /* not found! */
                if (&teap->list == &target->events_action)
                    teap = NULL;
 
                if (is_configure) {
                    /* START_DEPRECATED_TPIU */
                    if (n->value == TARGET_EVENT_TRACE_CONFIG)
                        LOG_INFO("DEPRECATED target event %s; use TPIU events {pre,post}-{enable,disable}", n->name);
                    /* END_DEPRECATED_TPIU */
 
                    if (strlen(CMD_ARGV[index]) == 0) {
                        /* empty action, drop existing one */
                        if (teap) {
                            list_del(&teap->list);
                            Jim_DecrRefCount(teap->interp, teap->body);
                            free(teap);
                        }
                        index++;
                        break;
                    }
 
                    bool replace = true;
                    if (!teap) {
                        /* create new */
                        teap = calloc(1, sizeof(*teap));
                        replace = false;
                    }
                    teap->event = n->value;
                    teap->interp = CMD_CTX->interp;
                    if (teap->body)
                        Jim_DecrRefCount(teap->interp, teap->body);
                    /* use jim object to keep its reference on tcl file and line */
                    /* TODO: need duplicate? isn't IncrRefCount enough? */
                    teap->body  = Jim_DuplicateObj(teap->interp, CMD_JIMTCL_ARGV[index++]);
                    /*
                     * FIXME:
                     *     Tcl/TK - "tk events" have a nice feature.
                     *     See the "BIND" command.
                     *    We should support that here.
                     *     You can specify %X and %Y in the event code.
                     *     The idea is: %T - target name.
                     *     The idea is: %N - target number
                     *     The idea is: %E - event name.
                     */
                    Jim_IncrRefCount(teap->body);
 
                    if (!replace) {
                        /* add to head of event list */
                        list_add(&teap->list, &target->events_action);
                    }
                } else {
                    /* cget */
                    if (index != CMD_ARGC)
                        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
                    if (teap)
                        command_print(CMD, "%s", Jim_GetString(teap->body, NULL));
                }
            }
            /* loop for more */
            break;
 
        case TCFG_WORK_AREA_VIRT:
            if (is_configure) {
                if (index == CMD_ARGC) {
                    command_print(CMD, "missing argument to %s", CMD_ARGV[index - 1]);
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u64, CMD_ARGV[index], target->working_area_virt);
                index++;
                target->working_area_virt_spec = true;
                target_free_all_working_areas(target);
            } else {
                if (index != CMD_ARGC)
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                command_print(CMD, TARGET_ADDR_FMT, target->working_area_virt);
            }
            /* loop for more */
            break;
 
        case TCFG_WORK_AREA_PHYS:
            if (is_configure) {
                if (index == CMD_ARGC) {
                    command_print(CMD, "missing argument to %s", CMD_ARGV[index - 1]);
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u64, CMD_ARGV[index], target->working_area_phys);
                index++;
                target->working_area_phys_spec = true;
                target_free_all_working_areas(target);
            } else {
                if (index != CMD_ARGC)
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                command_print(CMD, TARGET_ADDR_FMT, target->working_area_phys);
            }
            /* loop for more */
            break;
 
        case TCFG_WORK_AREA_SIZE:
            if (is_configure) {
                if (index == CMD_ARGC) {
                    command_print(CMD, "missing argument to %s", CMD_ARGV[index - 1]);
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[index], target->working_area_size);
                index++;
                target_free_all_working_areas(target);
            } else {
                if (index != CMD_ARGC)
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                command_print(CMD, "0x%08" PRIx32, target->working_area_size);
            }
            /* loop for more */
            break;
 
        case TCFG_WORK_AREA_BACKUP:
            if (is_configure) {
                if (index == CMD_ARGC) {
                    command_print(CMD, "missing argument to %s", CMD_ARGV[index - 1]);
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
                retval = command_parse_bool_arg(CMD_ARGV[index], &target->backup_working_area);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                    return retval;
                index++;
                target_free_all_working_areas(target);
            } else {
                if (index != CMD_ARGC)
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                command_print(CMD, target->backup_working_area ? "1" : "0");
            }
            /* loop for more */
            break;
 
        case TCFG_ENDIAN:
            if (is_configure) {
                if (index == CMD_ARGC) {
                    command_print(CMD, "missing argument to %s", CMD_ARGV[index - 1]);
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
                n = nvp_name2value(nvp_target_endian, CMD_ARGV[index]);
                if (!n->name) {
                    nvp_unknown_command_print(CMD, nvp_target_endian, CMD_ARGV[index - 1], CMD_ARGV[index]);
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
                index++;
                target->endianness = n->value;
            } else {
                if (index != CMD_ARGC)
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                n = nvp_value2name(nvp_target_endian, target->endianness);
                if (!n->name) {
                    target->endianness = TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
                    n = nvp_value2name(nvp_target_endian, target->endianness);
                }
                command_print(CMD, "%s", n->name);
            }
            /* loop for more */
            break;
 
        case TCFG_COREID:
            if (is_configure) {
                if (index == CMD_ARGC) {
                    command_print(CMD, "missing argument to %s", CMD_ARGV[index - 1]);
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(s32, CMD_ARGV[index], target->coreid);
                index++;
            } else {
                if (index != CMD_ARGC)
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                command_print(CMD, "%" PRIi32, target->coreid);
            }
            /* loop for more */
            break;
 
        case TCFG_CHAIN_POSITION:
            if (is_configure) {
                if (target->has_dap) {
                    command_print(CMD, "target requires -dap parameter instead of -chain-position!");
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
 
                if (index == CMD_ARGC) {
                    command_print(CMD, "missing argument to %s", CMD_ARGV[index - 1]);
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
                struct jtag_tap *tap = jtag_tap_by_string(CMD_ARGV[index]);
                if (!tap) {
                    command_print(CMD, "Tap '%s' could not be found", CMD_ARGV[index]);
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
                index++;
                target->tap = tap;
                target->tap_configured = true;
            } else {
                if (index != CMD_ARGC)
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                command_print(CMD, "%s", target->tap->dotted_name);
            }
            /* loop for more */
            break;
 
        case TCFG_DBGBASE:
            if (is_configure) {
                if (index == CMD_ARGC) {
                    command_print(CMD, "missing argument to %s", CMD_ARGV[index - 1]);
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[index], target->dbgbase);
                index++;
                target->dbgbase_set = true;
            } else {
                if (index != CMD_ARGC)
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                command_print(CMD, "0x%08" PRIx32, target->dbgbase);
            }
            /* loop for more */
            break;
 
        case TCFG_RTOS:
            if (is_configure) {
                if (index == CMD_ARGC) {
                    command_print(CMD, "missing argument to %s", CMD_ARGV[index - 1]);
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
                retval = rtos_create(CMD, target, CMD_ARGV[index]);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                    return retval;
                index++;
            } else {
                if (index != CMD_ARGC)
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                if (target->rtos)
                    command_print(CMD, "%s", target->rtos->type->name);
            }
            /* loop for more */
            break;
 
        case TCFG_DEFER_EXAMINE:
            if (is_configure)
                target->defer_examine = true;
            else
                command_print(CMD, "%s", target->defer_examine ? "true" : "false");
            /* loop for more */
            break;
 
        case TCFG_GDB_PORT:
            if (is_configure) {
                if (index == CMD_ARGC) {
                    command_print(CMD, "missing argument to %s", CMD_ARGV[index - 1]);
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
 
                /* TODO: generalize test of COMMAND_CONFIG */
                if (CMD_CTX->mode != COMMAND_CONFIG) {
                    command_print(CMD, "-gdb-port must be configured before 'init'");
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
 
                char *s = strdup(CMD_ARGV[index]);
                if (!s) {
                    LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
                    return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
                free(target->gdb_port_override);
                target->gdb_port_override = s;
                index++;
            } else {
                if (index != CMD_ARGC)
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                command_print(CMD, "%s", target->gdb_port_override ? target->gdb_port_override : "undefined");
            }
            /* loop for more */
            break;
 
        case TCFG_GDB_MAX_CONNECTIONS:
            if (is_configure) {
                if (index == CMD_ARGC) {
                    command_print(CMD, "missing argument to %s", CMD_ARGV[index - 1]);
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
 
                if (CMD_CTX->mode != COMMAND_CONFIG) {
                    command_print(CMD, "-gdb-max-connections must be configured before 'init'");
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
                }
 
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[index], target->gdb_max_connections);
                index++;
                if (target->gdb_max_connections < 0)
                    target->gdb_max_connections = CONNECTION_LIMIT_UNLIMITED;
            } else {
                if (index != CMD_ARGC)
                    return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                command_print(CMD, "%d", target->gdb_max_connections);
            }
            /* loop for more */
            break;
        }
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_configure)
{
    if (!CMD_ARGC)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    bool is_configure = !strcmp(CMD_NAME, "configure");
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(target_configure, target, 0, is_configure);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_examine)
{
    bool allow_defer = false;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
        if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "allow-defer"))
            return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
        allow_defer = true;
    }
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    if (!target->tap->enabled) {
        command_print(CMD, "[TAP is disabled]");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (allow_defer && target->defer_examine) {
        LOG_INFO("Deferring arp_examine of %s", target_name(target));
        LOG_INFO("Use arp_examine command to examine it manually!");
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    int retval = target->type->examine(target);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        target_reset_examined(target);
        return retval;
    }
 
    target_set_examined(target);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_was_examined)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    command_print(CMD, "%d", target_was_examined(target) ? 1 : 0);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_examine_deferred)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    command_print(CMD, "%d", target->defer_examine ? 1 : 0);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_halt_gdb)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    return target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_GDB_HALT);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_poll)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    if (!target->tap->enabled) {
        command_print(CMD, "[TAP is disabled]");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (!(target_was_examined(target)))
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_EXAMINED;
 
    return target->type->poll(target);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_reset)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    const struct nvp *n = nvp_name2value(nvp_assert, CMD_ARGV[0]);
    if (!n->name) {
        nvp_unknown_command_print(CMD, nvp_assert, NULL, CMD_ARGV[0]);
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    /* the halt or not param */
    int a;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[1], a);
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    if (!target->tap->enabled) {
        command_print(CMD, "[TAP is disabled]");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (!target->type->assert_reset || !target->type->deassert_reset) {
        command_print(CMD, "No target-specific reset for %s", target_name(target));
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    /* determine if we should halt or not. */
    target->reset_halt = (a != 0);
    /* When this happens - all workareas are invalid. */
    target_free_all_working_areas_restore(target, 0);
 
    /* do the assert */
    if (n->value == NVP_ASSERT) {
        int retval = target->type->assert_reset(target);
        if (target->defer_examine)
            target_reset_examined(target);
        return retval;
    }
 
    return target->type->deassert_reset(target);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_halt)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    if (!target->tap->enabled) {
        command_print(CMD, "[TAP is disabled]");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    return target->type->halt(target);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_wait_state)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    const struct nvp *n = nvp_name2value(nvp_target_state, CMD_ARGV[0]);
    if (!n->name) {
        nvp_unknown_command_print(CMD, nvp_target_state, NULL, CMD_ARGV[0]);
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    unsigned int a;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[1], a);
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    if (!target->tap->enabled) {
        command_print(CMD, "[TAP is disabled]");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    int retval = target_wait_state(target, n->value, a);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        command_print(CMD,
                "target: %s wait %s fails (%d) %s",
                target_name(target), n->name,
                retval, target_strerror_safe(retval));
        return retval;
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
/* List for human, Events defined for this target.
 * scripts/programs should use 'name cget -event NAME'
 */
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_event_list)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    struct target_event_action *teap;
 
    command_print(CMD, "Event actions for target %s\n",
                   target_name(target));
    command_print(CMD, "%-25s | Body", "Event");
    command_print(CMD, "------------------------- | "
            "----------------------------------------");
 
    list_for_each_entry(teap, &target->events_action, list)
        command_print(CMD, "%-25s | %s",
                target_event_name(teap->event),
                Jim_GetString(teap->body, NULL));
 
    command_print(CMD, "***END***");
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_current_state)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    command_print(CMD, "%s", target_state_name(target));
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_debug_reason)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
 
    const char *debug_reason = nvp_value2name(nvp_target_debug_reason,
        target->debug_reason)->name;
 
    if (!debug_reason) {
        command_print(CMD, "bug: invalid debug reason (%d)",
            target->debug_reason);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    command_print(CMD, "%s", debug_reason);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_invoke_event)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    const struct nvp *n = nvp_name2value(nvp_target_event, CMD_ARGV[0]);
    if (!n->name) {
        nvp_unknown_command_print(CMD, nvp_target_event, NULL, CMD_ARGV[0]);
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    target_handle_event(target, n->value);
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static const struct command_registration target_instance_command_handlers[] = {
    {
        .name = "configure",
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .handler = handle_target_configure,
        .help  = "configure a new target for use",
        .usage = "[target_attribute ...]",
    },
    {
        .name = "cget",
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .handler = handle_target_configure,
        .help  = "returns the specified target attribute",
        .usage = "target_attribute",
    },
    {
        .name = "mwd",
        .handler = handle_mw_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Write 64-bit word(s) to target memory",
        .usage = "address data [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mww",
        .handler = handle_mw_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Write 32-bit word(s) to target memory",
        .usage = "address data [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mwh",
        .handler = handle_mw_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Write 16-bit half-word(s) to target memory",
        .usage = "address data [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mwb",
        .handler = handle_mw_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Write byte(s) to target memory",
        .usage = "address data [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mdd",
        .handler = handle_md_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Display target memory as 64-bit words",
        .usage = "address [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mdw",
        .handler = handle_md_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Display target memory as 32-bit words",
        .usage = "address [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mdh",
        .handler = handle_md_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Display target memory as 16-bit half-words",
        .usage = "address [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mdb",
        .handler = handle_md_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Display target memory as 8-bit bytes",
        .usage = "address [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "get_reg",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_get_reg,
        .help = "Get register values from the target",
        .usage = "[-force] list",
    },
    {
        .name = "set_reg",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_set_reg_command,
        .help = "Set target register values",
        .usage = "dict",
    },
    {
        .name = "read_memory",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_read_memory,
        .help = "Read Tcl list of 8/16/32/64 bit numbers from target memory",
        .usage = "address width count ['phys']",
    },
    {
        .name = "write_memory",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_write_memory,
        .help = "Write Tcl list of 8/16/32/64 bit numbers to target memory",
        .usage = "address width data ['phys']",
    },
    {
        .name = "eventlist",
        .handler = handle_target_event_list,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "displays a table of events defined for this target",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "curstate",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_current_state,
        .help = "displays the current state of this target",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "debug_reason",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_debug_reason,
        .help = "displays the debug reason of this target",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "arp_examine",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_examine,
        .help = "used internally for reset processing",
        .usage = "['allow-defer']",
    },
    {
        .name = "was_examined",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_was_examined,
        .help = "used internally for reset processing",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "examine_deferred",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_examine_deferred,
        .help = "used internally for reset processing",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "arp_halt_gdb",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_halt_gdb,
        .help = "used internally for reset processing to halt GDB",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "arp_poll",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_poll,
        .help = "used internally for reset processing",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "arp_reset",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_reset,
        .help = "used internally for reset processing",
        .usage = "'assert'|'deassert' halt",
    },
    {
        .name = "arp_halt",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_halt,
        .help = "used internally for reset processing",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "arp_waitstate",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_wait_state,
        .help = "used internally for reset processing",
        .usage = "statename timeoutmsecs",
    },
    {
        .name = "invoke-event",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_invoke_event,
        .help = "invoke handler for specified event",
        .usage = "event_name",
    },
    COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_create)
{
    int retval = ERROR_OK;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    /* check if the target name clashes with an existing command name */
    Jim_Cmd *jimcmd = Jim_GetCommand(CMD_CTX->interp, CMD_JIMTCL_ARGV[0], JIM_NONE);
    if (jimcmd) {
        command_print(CMD, "Command/target: %s Exists", CMD_ARGV[0]);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    /* TYPE */
    const char *cp = CMD_ARGV[1];
    struct transport *tr = get_current_transport();
    if (tr && tr->override_target) {
        retval = tr->override_target(&cp);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            command_print(CMD, "The selected transport doesn't support this target");
            return retval;
        }
        LOG_INFO("The selected transport took over low-level target control. The results might differ compared to plain JTAG/SWD");
    }
    /* now does target type exist */
    size_t x;
    for (x = 0 ; x < ARRAY_SIZE(target_types) ; x++) {
        if (strcmp(cp, target_types[x]->name) == 0) {
            /* found */
            break;
        }
    }
    if (x == ARRAY_SIZE(target_types)) {
        char *all = NULL;
        for (x = 0 ; x < ARRAY_SIZE(target_types) ; x++) {
            char *prev = all;
            if (all)
                all = alloc_printf("%s, %s", all, target_types[x]->name);
            else
                all = alloc_printf("%s", target_types[x]->name);
            free(prev);
            if (!all) {
                LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
        }
        command_print(CMD, "Unknown target type %s, try one of %s", cp, all);
        free(all);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    /* Create it */
    struct target *target = calloc(1, sizeof(struct target));
    if (!target) {
        LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    /* set empty smp cluster */
    target->smp_targets = &empty_smp_targets;
 
    /* allocate memory for each unique target type */
    target->type = malloc(sizeof(struct target_type));
    if (!target->type) {
        LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
        free(target);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    memcpy(target->type, target_types[x], sizeof(struct target_type));
 
    /* default to first core, override with -coreid */
    target->coreid = 0;
 
    target->working_area        = 0x0;
    target->working_area_size   = 0x0;
    target->working_areas       = NULL;
    target->backup_working_area = false;
 
    target->state               = TARGET_UNKNOWN;
    target->debug_reason        = DBG_REASON_UNDEFINED;
    target->reg_cache           = NULL;
    target->breakpoints         = NULL;
    target->watchpoints         = NULL;
    target->next                = NULL;
    target->arch_info           = NULL;
 
    target->verbose_halt_msg    = true;
 
    target->halt_issued         = false;
 
    INIT_LIST_HEAD(&target->events_action);
 
    /* initialize trace information */
    target->trace_info = calloc(1, sizeof(struct trace));
    if (!target->trace_info) {
        LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
        free(target->type);
        free(target);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    target->dbgmsg          = NULL;
    target->dbg_msg_enabled = false;
 
    target->endianness = TARGET_ENDIAN_UNKNOWN;
 
    target->rtos = NULL;
    target->rtos_auto_detect = false;
 
    target->gdb_port_override = NULL;
    target->gdb_max_connections = 1;
 
    target->cmd_name = strdup(CMD_ARGV[0]);
    if (!target->cmd_name) {
        LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
        free(target->trace_info);
        free(target->type);
        free(target);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    /* Do the rest as "configure" options */
    bool is_configure = true;
    retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(target_configure, target, 2, is_configure);
    if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
        if (target->has_dap) {
            if (!target->dap_configured) {
                command_print(CMD, "-dap ?name? required when creating target");
                retval = ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
            }
        } else {
            if (!target->tap_configured) {
                command_print(CMD, "-chain-position ?name? required when creating target");
                retval = ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
            }
        }
        /* tap must be set after target was configured */
        if (!target->tap)
            retval = ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        rtos_destroy(target);
        free(target->gdb_port_override);
        free(target->trace_info);
        free(target->type);
        free(target->private_config);
        free(target);
        return retval;
    }
 
    if (target->endianness == TARGET_ENDIAN_UNKNOWN) {
        /* default endian to little if not specified */
        target->endianness = TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
    }
 
    if (target->type->target_create) {
        retval = (*target->type->target_create)(target);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_DEBUG("target_create failed");
            free(target->cmd_name);
            rtos_destroy(target);
            free(target->gdb_port_override);
            free(target->trace_info);
            free(target->type);
            free(target->private_config);
            free(target);
            return retval;
        }
    }
 
    /* create the target specific commands */
    if (target->type->commands) {
        retval = register_commands(CMD_CTX, NULL, target->type->commands);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            LOG_ERROR("unable to register '%s' commands", CMD_ARGV[0]);
    }
 
    /* now - create the new target name command */
    const struct command_registration target_subcommands[] = {
        {
            .chain = target_instance_command_handlers,
        },
        {
            .chain = target->type->commands,
        },
        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
    };
    const struct command_registration target_commands[] = {
        {
            .name = CMD_ARGV[0],
            .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
            .help = "target command group",
            .usage = "",
            .chain = target_subcommands,
        },
        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
    };
    retval = register_commands_override_target(CMD_CTX, NULL, target_commands, target);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        if (target->type->deinit_target)
            target->type->deinit_target(target);
        free(target->cmd_name);
        rtos_destroy(target);
        free(target->gdb_port_override);
        free(target->trace_info);
        free(target->type);
        free(target);
        return retval;
    }
 
    /* append to end of list */
    append_to_list_all_targets(target);
 
    CMD_CTX->current_target = target;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_current)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target_or_null(CMD_CTX);
    if (target)
        command_print(CMD, "%s", target_name(target));
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_types)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    for (size_t x = 0; x < ARRAY_SIZE(target_types); x++)
        command_print(CMD, "%s", target_types[x]->name);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_names)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = all_targets;
    while (target) {
        command_print(CMD, "%s", target_name(target));
        target = target->next;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static struct target_list *
__attribute__((warn_unused_result))
create_target_list_node(const char *targetname)
{
    struct target *target = get_target(targetname);
    LOG_DEBUG("%s ", targetname);
    if (!target)
        return NULL;
 
    struct target_list *new = malloc(sizeof(struct target_list));
    if (!new) {
        LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
        return new;
    }
 
    new->target = target;
    return new;
}
 
static int get_target_with_common_rtos_type(struct command_invocation *cmd,
    struct list_head *lh, struct target **result)
{
    struct target *target = NULL;
    struct target_list *curr;
    foreach_smp_target(curr, lh) {
        struct rtos *curr_rtos = curr->target->rtos;
        if (curr_rtos) {
            if (target && target->rtos && target->rtos->type != curr_rtos->type) {
                command_print(cmd, "Different rtos types in members of one smp target!");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
            target = curr->target;
        }
    }
    *result = target;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_smp)
{
    static unsigned int smp_group = 1;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 0) {
        LOG_DEBUG("Empty SMP target");
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
    LOG_DEBUG("%d", CMD_ARGC);
    /* CMD_ARGC[0] = target to associate in smp
     * CMD_ARGC[1] = target to associate in smp
     * CMD_ARGC[2] ...
     */
 
    struct list_head *lh = malloc(sizeof(*lh));
    if (!lh) {
        LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    INIT_LIST_HEAD(lh);
 
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < CMD_ARGC; i++) {
        struct target_list *new = create_target_list_node(CMD_ARGV[i]);
        if (new)
            list_add_tail(&new->lh, lh);
    }
    /*  now parse the list of cpu and put the target in smp mode*/
    struct target_list *curr;
    foreach_smp_target(curr, lh) {
        struct target *target = curr->target;
        target->smp = smp_group;
        target->smp_targets = lh;
    }
    smp_group++;
 
    struct target *rtos_target;
    int retval = get_target_with_common_rtos_type(CMD, lh, &rtos_target);
    if (retval == ERROR_OK && rtos_target)
        retval = rtos_smp_init(rtos_target);
 
    return retval;
}
 
static const struct command_registration target_subcommand_handlers[] = {
    {
        .name = "init",
        .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
        .handler = handle_target_init_command,
        .help = "initialize targets",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "create",
        .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
        .handler = handle_target_create,
        .usage = "name type [options ...]",
        .help = "Creates and selects a new target",
    },
    {
        .name = "current",
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .handler = handle_target_current,
        .help = "Returns the currently selected target",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "types",
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .handler = handle_target_types,
        .help = "Returns the available target types as "
                "a list of strings",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "names",
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .handler = handle_target_names,
        .help = "Returns the names of all targets as a list of strings",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "smp",
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .handler = handle_target_smp,
        .usage = "targetname1 targetname2 ...",
        .help = "gather several target in a smp list"
    },
 
    COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};
 
struct fast_load {
    target_addr_t address;
    uint8_t *data;
    int length;
 
};
 
static int fastload_num;
static struct fast_load *fastload;
 
static void free_fastload(void)
{
    if (fastload) {
        for (int i = 0; i < fastload_num; i++)
            free(fastload[i].data);
        free(fastload);
        fastload = NULL;
    }
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_fast_load_image_command)
{
    uint8_t *buffer;
    size_t buf_cnt;
    uint32_t image_size;
    target_addr_t min_address = 0;
    target_addr_t max_address = -1;
 
    struct image image;
 
    int retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(parse_load_image_command,
            &image, &min_address, &max_address);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    struct duration bench;
    duration_start(&bench);
 
    retval = image_open(&image, CMD_ARGV[0], (CMD_ARGC >= 3) ? CMD_ARGV[2] : NULL);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    image_size = 0x0;
    retval = ERROR_OK;
    fastload_num = image.num_sections;
    fastload = malloc(sizeof(struct fast_load)*image.num_sections);
    if (!fastload) {
        command_print(CMD, "out of memory");
        image_close(&image);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    memset(fastload, 0, sizeof(struct fast_load)*image.num_sections);
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < image.num_sections; i++) {
        buffer = malloc(image.sections[i].size);
        if (!buffer) {
            command_print(CMD, "error allocating buffer for section (%d bytes)",
                          (int)(image.sections[i].size));
            retval = ERROR_FAIL;
            break;
        }
 
        retval = image_read_section(&image, i, 0x0, image.sections[i].size, buffer, &buf_cnt);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            free(buffer);
            break;
        }
 
        uint32_t offset = 0;
        uint32_t length = buf_cnt;
 
        /* DANGER!!! beware of unsigned comparison here!!! */
 
        if ((image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt >= min_address) &&
                (image.sections[i].base_address < max_address)) {
            if (image.sections[i].base_address < min_address) {
                /* clip addresses below */
                offset += min_address-image.sections[i].base_address;
                length -= offset;
            }
 
            if (image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt > max_address)
                length -= (image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt)-max_address;
 
            fastload[i].address = image.sections[i].base_address + offset;
            fastload[i].data = malloc(length);
            if (!fastload[i].data) {
                free(buffer);
                command_print(CMD, "error allocating buffer for section (%" PRIu32 " bytes)",
                              length);
                retval = ERROR_FAIL;
                break;
            }
            memcpy(fastload[i].data, buffer + offset, length);
            fastload[i].length = length;
 
            image_size += length;
            command_print(CMD, "%u bytes written at address 0x%8.8x",
                          (unsigned int)length,
                          ((unsigned int)(image.sections[i].base_address + offset)));
        }
 
        free(buffer);
    }
 
    if ((retval == ERROR_OK) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
        command_print(CMD, "Loaded %" PRIu32 " bytes "
                "in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", image_size,
                duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, image_size));
 
        command_print(CMD,
                "WARNING: image has not been loaded to target!"
                "You can issue a 'fast_load' to finish loading.");
    }
 
    image_close(&image);
 
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        free_fastload();
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_fast_load_command)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC > 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    if (!fastload) {
        LOG_ERROR("No image in memory");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    int i;
    int64_t ms = timeval_ms();
    int size = 0;
    int retval = ERROR_OK;
    for (i = 0; i < fastload_num; i++) {
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        command_print(CMD, "Write to 0x%08x, length 0x%08x",
                      (unsigned int)(fastload[i].address),
                      (unsigned int)(fastload[i].length));
        retval = target_write_buffer(target, fastload[i].address, fastload[i].length, fastload[i].data);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            break;
        size += fastload[i].length;
    }
    if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
        int64_t after = timeval_ms();
        command_print(CMD, "Loaded image %f kBytes/s", (float)(size/1024.0)/((float)(after-ms)/1000.0));
    }
    return retval;
}
 
static const struct command_registration target_command_handlers[] = {
    {
        .name = "targets",
        .handler = handle_targets_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .help = "change current default target (one parameter) "
            "or prints table of all targets (no parameters)",
        .usage = "[target]",
    },
    {
        .name = "target",
        .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
        .help = "configure target",
        .chain = target_subcommand_handlers,
        .usage = "",
    },
    COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};
 
int target_register_commands(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
{
    return register_commands(cmd_ctx, NULL, target_command_handlers);
}
 
static bool target_reset_nag = true;
 
bool get_target_reset_nag(void)
{
    return target_reset_nag;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_reset_nag)
{
    return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_command_parse_bool,
            &target_reset_nag, "Nag after each reset about options to improve "
            "performance");
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_ps_command)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    char *display;
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        command_print(CMD, "Error: [%s] not halted", target_name(target));
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
 
    if ((target->rtos) && (target->rtos->type)
            && (target->rtos->type->ps_command)) {
        display = target->rtos->type->ps_command(target);
        command_print(CMD, "%s", display);
        free(display);
        return ERROR_OK;
    } else {
        LOG_INFO("failed");
        return ERROR_TARGET_FAILURE;
    }
}
 
static void binprint(struct command_invocation *cmd, const char *text, const uint8_t *buf, int size)
{
    if (text)
        command_print_sameline(cmd, "%s", text);
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
        command_print_sameline(cmd, " %02x", buf[i]);
    command_print(cmd, " ");
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_test_mem_access_command)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    uint32_t test_size;
    int retval = ERROR_OK;
 
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        command_print(CMD, "Error: [%s] not halted", target_name(target));
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
 
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], test_size);
 
    /* Test reads */
    size_t num_bytes = test_size + 4;
 
    struct working_area *wa = NULL;
    retval = target_alloc_working_area(target, num_bytes, &wa);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("Not enough working area");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    uint8_t *test_pattern = malloc(num_bytes);
 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_bytes; i++)
        test_pattern[i] = rand();
 
    retval = target_write_memory(target, wa->address, 1, num_bytes, test_pattern);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("Test pattern write failed");
        goto out;
    }
 
    for (int host_offset = 0; host_offset <= 1; host_offset++) {
        for (int size = 1; size <= 4; size *= 2) {
            for (int offset = 0; offset < 4; offset++) {
                uint32_t count = test_size / size;
                size_t host_bufsiz = (count + 2) * size + host_offset;
                uint8_t *read_ref = malloc(host_bufsiz);
                uint8_t *read_buf = malloc(host_bufsiz);
 
                for (size_t i = 0; i < host_bufsiz; i++) {
                    read_ref[i] = rand();
                    read_buf[i] = read_ref[i];
                }
                command_print_sameline(CMD,
                        "Test read %" PRIu32 " x %d @ %d to %saligned buffer: ", count,
                        size, offset, host_offset ? "un" : "");
 
                struct duration bench;
                duration_start(&bench);
 
                retval = target_read_memory(target, wa->address + offset, size, count,
                        read_buf + size + host_offset);
 
                duration_measure(&bench);
 
                if (retval == ERROR_TARGET_UNALIGNED_ACCESS) {
                    command_print(CMD, "Unsupported alignment");
                    goto next;
                } else if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                    command_print(CMD, "Memory read failed");
                    goto next;
                }
 
                /* replay on host */
                memcpy(read_ref + size + host_offset, test_pattern + offset, count * size);
 
                /* check result */
                int result = memcmp(read_ref, read_buf, host_bufsiz);
                if (result == 0) {
                    command_print(CMD, "Pass in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)",
                            duration_elapsed(&bench),
                            duration_kbps(&bench, count * size));
                } else {
                    command_print(CMD, "Compare failed");
                    binprint(CMD, "ref:", read_ref, host_bufsiz);
                    binprint(CMD, "buf:", read_buf, host_bufsiz);
                }
next:
                free(read_ref);
                free(read_buf);
            }
        }
    }
 
out:
    free(test_pattern);
 
    target_free_working_area(target, wa);
 
    /* Test writes */
    num_bytes = test_size + 4 + 4 + 4;
 
    retval = target_alloc_working_area(target, num_bytes, &wa);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("Not enough working area");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    test_pattern = malloc(num_bytes);
 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_bytes; i++)
        test_pattern[i] = rand();
 
    for (int host_offset = 0; host_offset <= 1; host_offset++) {
        for (int size = 1; size <= 4; size *= 2) {
            for (int offset = 0; offset < 4; offset++) {
                uint32_t count = test_size / size;
                size_t host_bufsiz = count * size + host_offset;
                uint8_t *read_ref = malloc(num_bytes);
                uint8_t *read_buf = malloc(num_bytes);
                uint8_t *write_buf = malloc(host_bufsiz);
 
                for (size_t i = 0; i < host_bufsiz; i++)
                    write_buf[i] = rand();
                command_print_sameline(CMD,
                        "Test write %" PRIu32 " x %d @ %d from %saligned buffer: ", count,
                        size, offset, host_offset ? "un" : "");
 
                retval = target_write_memory(target, wa->address, 1, num_bytes, test_pattern);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                    command_print(CMD, "Test pattern write failed");
                    goto nextw;
                }
 
                /* replay on host */
                memcpy(read_ref, test_pattern, num_bytes);
                memcpy(read_ref + size + offset, write_buf + host_offset, count * size);
 
                struct duration bench;
                duration_start(&bench);
 
                retval = target_write_memory(target, wa->address + size + offset, size, count,
                        write_buf + host_offset);
 
                duration_measure(&bench);
 
                if (retval == ERROR_TARGET_UNALIGNED_ACCESS) {
                    command_print(CMD, "Unsupported alignment");
                    goto nextw;
                } else if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                    command_print(CMD, "Memory write failed");
                    goto nextw;
                }
 
                /* read back */
                retval = target_read_memory(target, wa->address, 1, num_bytes, read_buf);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                    command_print(CMD, "Test pattern write failed");
                    goto nextw;
                }
 
                /* check result */
                int result = memcmp(read_ref, read_buf, num_bytes);
                if (result == 0) {
                    command_print(CMD, "Pass in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)",
                            duration_elapsed(&bench),
                            duration_kbps(&bench, count * size));
                } else {
                    command_print(CMD, "Compare failed");
                    binprint(CMD, "ref:", read_ref, num_bytes);
                    binprint(CMD, "buf:", read_buf, num_bytes);
                }
nextw:
                free(read_ref);
                free(read_buf);
            }
        }
    }
 
    free(test_pattern);
 
    target_free_working_area(target, wa);
    return retval;
}
 
static const struct command_registration target_exec_command_handlers[] = {
    {
        .name = "fast_load_image",
        .handler = handle_fast_load_image_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .help = "Load image into server memory for later use by "
            "fast_load; primarily for profiling",
        .usage = "filename [address ['bin'|'ihex'|'elf'|'s19' "
            "[min_address [max_length]]]]",
    },
    {
        .name = "fast_load",
        .handler = handle_fast_load_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "loads active fast load image to current target "
            "- mainly for profiling purposes",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "profile",
        .handler = handle_profile_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "seconds filename [start end]",
        .help = "profiling samples the CPU PC",
    },
    {
        .name = "virt2phys",
        .handler = handle_virt2phys_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .help = "translate a virtual address into a physical address",
        .usage = "virtual_address",
    },
    {
        .name = "reg",
        .handler = handle_reg_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "display (reread from target with \"force\") or set a register; "
            "with no arguments, displays all registers and their values",
        .usage = "[(register_number|register_name) [(value|'force')]]",
    },
    {
        .name = "poll",
        .handler = handle_poll_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "poll target state; or reconfigure background polling",
        .usage = "['on'|'off']",
    },
    {
        .name = "wait_halt",
        .handler = handle_wait_halt_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "wait up to the specified number of milliseconds "
            "(default 5000) for a previously requested halt",
        .usage = "[milliseconds]",
    },
    {
        .name = "halt",
        .handler = handle_halt_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "request target to halt, then wait up to the specified "
            "number of milliseconds (default 5000) for it to complete",
        .usage = "[milliseconds]",
    },
    {
        .name = "resume",
        .handler = handle_resume_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "resume target execution from current PC or address",
        .usage = "[address]",
    },
    {
        .name = "reset",
        .handler = handle_reset_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "[run|halt|init]",
        .help = "Reset all targets into the specified mode. "
            "Default reset mode is run, if not given.",
    },
    {
        .name = "soft_reset_halt",
        .handler = handle_soft_reset_halt_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "",
        .help = "halt the target and do a soft reset",
    },
    {
        .name = "step",
        .handler = handle_step_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "step one instruction from current PC or address",
        .usage = "[address]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mdd",
        .handler = handle_md_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "display memory double-words",
        .usage = "['phys'] address [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mdw",
        .handler = handle_md_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "display memory words",
        .usage = "['phys'] address [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mdh",
        .handler = handle_md_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "display memory half-words",
        .usage = "['phys'] address [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mdb",
        .handler = handle_md_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "display memory bytes",
        .usage = "['phys'] address [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mwd",
        .handler = handle_mw_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "write memory double-word",
        .usage = "['phys'] address value [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mww",
        .handler = handle_mw_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "write memory word",
        .usage = "['phys'] address value [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mwh",
        .handler = handle_mw_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "write memory half-word",
        .usage = "['phys'] address value [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "mwb",
        .handler = handle_mw_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "write memory byte",
        .usage = "['phys'] address value [count]",
    },
    {
        .name = "bp",
        .handler = handle_bp_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "list or set hardware or software breakpoint",
        .usage = "[<address> [<asid>] <length> ['hw'|'hw_ctx']]",
    },
    {
        .name = "rbp",
        .handler = handle_rbp_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "remove breakpoint",
        .usage = "'all' | address",
    },
    {
        .name = "wp",
        .handler = handle_wp_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "list (no params) or create watchpoints",
        .usage = "[address length [('r'|'w'|'a') [value [mask]]]]",
    },
    {
        .name = "rwp",
        .handler = handle_rwp_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "remove watchpoint",
        .usage = "'all' | address",
    },
    {
        .name = "load_image",
        .handler = handle_load_image_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "filename [address ['bin'|'ihex'|'elf'|'s19' "
            "[min_address [max_length]]]]",
    },
    {
        .name = "dump_image",
        .handler = handle_dump_image_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "filename address size",
    },
    {
        .name = "verify_image_checksum",
        .handler = handle_verify_image_checksum_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "filename [offset [type]]",
    },
    {
        .name = "verify_image",
        .handler = handle_verify_image_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "filename [offset [type]]",
    },
    {
        .name = "test_image",
        .handler = handle_test_image_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "filename [offset [type]]",
    },
    {
        .name = "get_reg",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_get_reg,
        .help = "Get register values from the target",
        .usage = "[-force] list",
    },
    {
        .name = "set_reg",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_set_reg_command,
        .help = "Set target register values",
        .usage = "dict",
    },
    {
        .name = "read_memory",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_read_memory,
        .help = "Read Tcl list of 8/16/32/64 bit numbers from target memory",
        .usage = "address width count ['phys']",
    },
    {
        .name = "write_memory",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_write_memory,
        .help = "Write Tcl list of 8/16/32/64 bit numbers to target memory",
        .usage = "address width data ['phys']",
    },
    {
        .name = "debug_reason",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_target_debug_reason,
        .help = "displays the debug reason of this target",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "reset_nag",
        .handler = handle_target_reset_nag,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .help = "Nag after each reset about options that could have been "
                "enabled to improve performance.",
        .usage = "['enable'|'disable']",
    },
    {
        .name = "ps",
        .handler = handle_ps_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "list all tasks",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "test_mem_access",
        .handler = handle_test_mem_access_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Test the target's memory access functions",
        .usage = "size",
    },
 
    COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};
static int target_register_user_commands(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
{
    int retval = ERROR_OK;
    retval = target_request_register_commands(cmd_ctx);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    retval = trace_register_commands(cmd_ctx);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
 
    return register_commands(cmd_ctx, NULL, target_exec_command_handlers);
}
 
const char *target_debug_reason_str(enum target_debug_reason reason)
{
    switch (reason) {
    case DBG_REASON_DBGRQ:
        return "DBGRQ";
    case DBG_REASON_BREAKPOINT:
        return "BREAKPOINT";
    case DBG_REASON_WATCHPOINT:
        return "WATCHPOINT";
    case DBG_REASON_WPTANDBKPT:
        return "WPTANDBKPT";
    case DBG_REASON_SINGLESTEP:
        return "SINGLESTEP";
    case DBG_REASON_NOTHALTED:
        return "NOTHALTED";
    case DBG_REASON_EXIT:
        return "EXIT";
    case DBG_REASON_EXC_CATCH:
        return "EXC_CATCH";
    case DBG_REASON_UNDEFINED:
        return "UNDEFINED";
    default:
        return "UNKNOWN!";
    }
}