usbprog.c

Go to the documentation of this file.

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
/***************************************************************************
 *   Copyright (C) 2007 by Benedikt Sauter                                 *
 *   sauter@ixbat.de                                                       *
 ***************************************************************************/
 
/*
 * This file is based on Dominic Rath's amt_jtagaccel.c.
 *
 * usbprog is a free programming adapter. You can easily install
 * different firmware versions from an "online pool" over USB.
 * The adapter can be used for programming and debugging AVR and ARM
 * processors, as USB to RS232 converter, as JTAG interface or as
 * simple I/O interface (5 lines).
 *
 * http://www.embedded-projects.net/usbprog
 */
 
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif
 
#include <jtag/interface.h>
#include <jtag/commands.h>
#include "libusb_helper.h"
 
#define VID 0x1781
#define PID 0x0c63
 
/* Pins at usbprog */
#define TDO_BIT                 0
#define TDI_BIT                 3
#define TCK_BIT                 2
#define TMS_BIT                 1
 
static void usbprog_end_state(tap_state_t state);
static void usbprog_state_move(void);
static void usbprog_path_move(struct pathmove_command *cmd);
static void usbprog_runtest(int num_cycles);
static void usbprog_scan(bool ir_scan, enum scan_type type, uint8_t *buffer, int scan_size);
 
#define UNKNOWN_COMMAND 0x00
#define PORT_DIRECTION  0x01
#define PORT_SET                0x02
#define PORT_GET                0x03
#define PORT_SETBIT             0x04
#define PORT_GETBIT             0x05
#define WRITE_TDI               0x06
#define READ_TDO                0x07
#define WRITE_AND_READ  0x08
#define WRITE_TMS               0x09
#define WRITE_TMS_CHAIN 0x0A
 
struct usbprog_jtag {
    struct libusb_device_handle *usb_handle;
};
 
static struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag_handle;
 
static struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag_open(void);
/* static void usbprog_jtag_close(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag); */
static void usbprog_jtag_init(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag);
static unsigned char usbprog_jtag_message(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, char *msg, int msglen);
 
static void usbprog_jtag_read_tdo(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, char *buffer, int size);
static void usbprog_jtag_write_tdi(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, char *buffer, int size);
static void usbprog_jtag_write_and_read(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, char *buffer, int size);
static void usbprog_jtag_write_tms(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, char tms_scan);
 
static char tms_chain[64];
static int tms_chain_index;
 
static void usbprog_jtag_tms_collect(char tms_scan);
static void usbprog_jtag_tms_send(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag);
 
static void usbprog_write(int tck, int tms, int tdi);
static void usbprog_reset(int trst, int srst);
 
static void usbprog_jtag_set_direction(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, unsigned char direction);
static void usbprog_jtag_write_slice(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, unsigned char value);
/* static unsigned char usbprog_jtag_get_port(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag); */
static void usbprog_jtag_set_bit(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, int bit, int value);
/* static int usbprog_jtag_get_bit(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, int bit); */
 
static int usbprog_execute_queue(void)
{
    struct jtag_command *cmd = jtag_command_queue;  /* currently processed command */
    int scan_size;
    enum scan_type type;
    uint8_t *buffer;
 
    while (cmd) {
        switch (cmd->type) {
        case JTAG_RESET:
            LOG_DEBUG_IO("reset trst: %i srst %i",
                    cmd->cmd.reset->trst,
                    cmd->cmd.reset->srst);
            if (cmd->cmd.reset->trst == 1)
                tap_set_state(TAP_RESET);
            usbprog_reset(cmd->cmd.reset->trst, cmd->cmd.reset->srst);
            break;
        case JTAG_RUNTEST:
            LOG_DEBUG_IO("runtest %i cycles, end in %i",
                    cmd->cmd.runtest->num_cycles,
                    cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state);
            usbprog_end_state(cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state);
            usbprog_runtest(cmd->cmd.runtest->num_cycles);
            break;
        case JTAG_TLR_RESET:
            LOG_DEBUG_IO("statemove end in %i", cmd->cmd.statemove->end_state);
            usbprog_end_state(cmd->cmd.statemove->end_state);
            usbprog_state_move();
            break;
        case JTAG_PATHMOVE:
            LOG_DEBUG_IO("pathmove: %i states, end in %i",
                    cmd->cmd.pathmove->num_states,
                    cmd->cmd.pathmove->path[cmd->cmd.pathmove->num_states - 1]);
            usbprog_path_move(cmd->cmd.pathmove);
            break;
        case JTAG_SCAN:
            LOG_DEBUG_IO("scan end in %i", cmd->cmd.scan->end_state);
            usbprog_end_state(cmd->cmd.scan->end_state);
            scan_size = jtag_build_buffer(cmd->cmd.scan, &buffer);
            type = jtag_scan_type(cmd->cmd.scan);
            usbprog_scan(cmd->cmd.scan->ir_scan, type, buffer, scan_size);
            if (jtag_read_buffer(buffer, cmd->cmd.scan) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_JTAG_QUEUE_FAILED;
            free(buffer);
            break;
        case JTAG_SLEEP:
            LOG_DEBUG_IO("sleep %" PRIu32, cmd->cmd.sleep->us);
            jtag_sleep(cmd->cmd.sleep->us);
            break;
        default:
            LOG_ERROR("BUG: unknown JTAG command type encountered");
            exit(-1);
        }
 
        cmd = cmd->next;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int usbprog_init(void)
{
    usbprog_jtag_handle = usbprog_jtag_open();
 
    tms_chain_index = 0;
    if (usbprog_jtag_handle == 0) {
        LOG_ERROR("Can't find USB JTAG Interface! Please check connection and permissions.");
        return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
    }
 
    LOG_INFO("USB JTAG Interface ready!");
 
    usbprog_jtag_init(usbprog_jtag_handle);
    usbprog_reset(0, 0);
    usbprog_write(0, 0, 0);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int usbprog_quit(void)
{
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
/*************** jtag execute commands **********************/
static void usbprog_end_state(tap_state_t state)
{
    if (tap_is_state_stable(state))
        tap_set_end_state(state);
    else {
        LOG_ERROR("BUG: %i is not a valid end state", state);
        exit(-1);
    }
}
 
static void usbprog_state_move(void)
{
    uint8_t tms_scan = tap_get_tms_path(tap_get_state(), tap_get_end_state());
 
    usbprog_jtag_write_tms(usbprog_jtag_handle, (char)tms_scan);
 
    tap_set_state(tap_get_end_state());
}
 
static void usbprog_path_move(struct pathmove_command *cmd)
{
    int num_states = cmd->num_states;
    int state_count;
 
    /* There may be queued transitions, and before following a specified
       path, we must flush those queued transitions */
    usbprog_jtag_tms_send(usbprog_jtag_handle);
 
    state_count = 0;
    while (num_states) {
        if (tap_state_transition(tap_get_state(), false) == cmd->path[state_count]) {
            /* LOG_INFO("1"); */
            usbprog_write(0, 0, 0);
            usbprog_write(1, 0, 0);
        } else if (tap_state_transition(tap_get_state(),
                   true) == cmd->path[state_count]) {
            /* LOG_INFO("2"); */
            usbprog_write(0, 1, 0);
            usbprog_write(1, 1, 0);
        } else {
            LOG_ERROR("BUG: %s -> %s isn't a valid TAP transition",
                tap_state_name(tap_get_state()),
                tap_state_name(cmd->path[state_count]));
            exit(-1);
        }
 
        tap_set_state(cmd->path[state_count]);
        state_count++;
        num_states--;
    }
 
    tap_set_end_state(tap_get_state());
}
 
static void usbprog_runtest(int num_cycles)
{
    int i;
 
    /* only do a state_move when we're not already in IDLE */
    if (tap_get_state() != TAP_IDLE) {
        usbprog_end_state(TAP_IDLE);
        usbprog_state_move();
    }
 
    /* execute num_cycles */
    if (num_cycles > 0) {
        usbprog_jtag_tms_send(usbprog_jtag_handle);
        usbprog_write(0, 0, 0);
    } else {
        usbprog_jtag_tms_send(usbprog_jtag_handle);
        /* LOG_INFO("NUM CYCLES %i",num_cycles); */
    }
 
    for (i = 0; i < num_cycles; i++) {
        usbprog_write(1, 0, 0);
        usbprog_write(0, 0, 0);
    }
 
    LOG_DEBUG_IO("runtest: cur_state %s end_state %s", tap_state_name(
            tap_get_state()), tap_state_name(tap_get_end_state()));
 
    /* finish in end_state */
    /*
    usbprog_end_state(saved_end_state);
    if (tap_get_state() != tap_get_end_state())
        usbprog_state_move();
    */
}
 
static void usbprog_scan(bool ir_scan, enum scan_type type, uint8_t *buffer, int scan_size)
{
    tap_state_t saved_end_state = tap_get_end_state();
 
    if (ir_scan)
        usbprog_end_state(TAP_IRSHIFT);
    else
        usbprog_end_state(TAP_DRSHIFT);
 
    /* Only move if we're not already there */
    if (tap_get_state() != tap_get_end_state())
        usbprog_state_move();
 
    usbprog_end_state(saved_end_state);
 
    usbprog_jtag_tms_send(usbprog_jtag_handle);
 
    void (*f)(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, char *buffer_local, int size);
    switch (type) {
        case SCAN_OUT:
            f = &usbprog_jtag_write_tdi;
            break;
        case SCAN_IN:
            f = &usbprog_jtag_read_tdo;
            break;
        case SCAN_IO:
            f = &usbprog_jtag_write_and_read;
            break;
        default:
            LOG_ERROR("unknown scan type: %i", type);
            exit(-1);
    }
    f(usbprog_jtag_handle, (char *)buffer, scan_size);
 
    /* The adapter does the transition to PAUSE internally */
    if (ir_scan)
        tap_set_state(TAP_IRPAUSE);
    else
        tap_set_state(TAP_DRPAUSE);
 
    if (tap_get_state() != tap_get_end_state())
        usbprog_state_move();
}
 
/*************** jtag wrapper functions *********************/
 
static void usbprog_write(int tck, int tms, int tdi)
{
    unsigned char output_value = 0x00;
 
    if (tms)
        output_value |= (1 << TMS_BIT);
    if (tdi)
        output_value |= (1 << TDI_BIT);
    if (tck)
        output_value |= (1 << TCK_BIT);
 
    usbprog_jtag_write_slice(usbprog_jtag_handle, output_value);
}
 
/* (1) assert or (0) deassert reset lines */
static void usbprog_reset(int trst, int srst)
{
    LOG_DEBUG("trst: %i, srst: %i", trst, srst);
 
    if (trst)
        usbprog_jtag_set_bit(usbprog_jtag_handle, 5, 0);
    else
        usbprog_jtag_set_bit(usbprog_jtag_handle, 5, 1);
 
    if (srst)
        usbprog_jtag_set_bit(usbprog_jtag_handle, 4, 0);
    else
        usbprog_jtag_set_bit(usbprog_jtag_handle, 4, 1);
}
 
/*************** jtag lowlevel functions ********************/
 
struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag_open(void)
{
    const uint16_t vids[] = { VID, 0 };
    const uint16_t pids[] = { PID, 0 };
    struct libusb_device_handle *dev;
 
    if (jtag_libusb_open(vids, pids, &dev, NULL) != ERROR_OK)
        return NULL;
 
    struct usbprog_jtag *tmp = malloc(sizeof(struct usbprog_jtag));
    tmp->usb_handle = dev;
 
    libusb_set_configuration(dev, 1);
    libusb_claim_interface(dev, 0);
    libusb_set_interface_alt_setting(dev, 0, 0);
 
    return tmp;
}
 
#if 0
static void usbprog_jtag_close(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag)
{
    libusb_close(usbprog_jtag->usb_handle);
    free(usbprog_jtag);
}
#endif
 
static unsigned char usbprog_jtag_message(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, char *msg, int msglen)
{
    int transferred;
 
    int res = jtag_libusb_bulk_write(usbprog_jtag->usb_handle, 3, msg, msglen, 100, &transferred);
    if ((msg[0] == 2) || (msg[0] == 1) || (msg[0] == 4) || (msg[0] == 0) ||
        (msg[0] == 6) || (msg[0] == 0x0A) || (msg[0] == 9))
        return 1;
    if (res == ERROR_OK && transferred == msglen) {
        /* LOG_INFO("HALLLLOOO %i",(int)msg[0]); */
        res = jtag_libusb_bulk_read(usbprog_jtag->usb_handle, 0x82, msg, 2, 100, &transferred);
        if (res == ERROR_OK && transferred > 0)
            return (unsigned char)msg[1];
        else
            return -1;
    } else
        return -1;
    return 0;
}
 
static void usbprog_jtag_init(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag)
{
    usbprog_jtag_set_direction(usbprog_jtag, 0xFE);
}
 
static void usbprog_jtag_write_and_read(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, char *buffer, int size)
{
    char tmp[64];   /* fastest packet size for usb controller */
    int send_bits, bufindex = 0, fillindex = 0, i, loops;
 
    char swap;
    /* 61 byte can be transferred (488 bit) */
 
    while (size > 0) {
        if (size > 488) {
            send_bits = 488;
            size = size - 488;
            loops = 61;
        } else {
            send_bits = size;
            loops = size / 8;
            loops++;
            size = 0;
        }
        tmp[0] = WRITE_AND_READ;
        tmp[1] = (char)(send_bits >> 8);    /* high */
        tmp[2] = (char)(send_bits);         /* low */
 
        for (i = 0; i < loops; i++) {
            tmp[3 + i] = buffer[bufindex];
            bufindex++;
        }
 
        int transferred;
        int res = jtag_libusb_bulk_write(usbprog_jtag->usb_handle, 3, tmp, 64, 1000, &transferred);
        if (res == ERROR_OK && transferred == 64) {
            /* LOG_INFO("HALLLLOOO2 %i",(int)tmp[0]); */
            usleep(1);
            int timeout = 0;
            while (jtag_libusb_bulk_read(usbprog_jtag->usb_handle, 0x82, tmp, 64, 1000, &transferred) != ERROR_OK) {
                timeout++;
                if (timeout > 10)
                    break;
            }
 
            for (i = 0; i < loops; i++) {
                swap = tmp[3 + i];
                buffer[fillindex++] = swap;
            }
        }
    }
}
 
static void usbprog_jtag_read_tdo(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, char *buffer, int size)
{
    char tmp[64];   /* fastest packet size for usb controller */
    int send_bits, fillindex = 0, i, loops;
 
    char swap;
    /* 61 byte can be transferred (488 bit) */
 
    while (size > 0) {
        if (size > 488) {
            send_bits = 488;
            size = size - 488;
            loops = 61;
        } else {
            send_bits = size;
            loops = size / 8;
            loops++;
            size = 0;
        }
        tmp[0] = WRITE_AND_READ;
        tmp[1] = (char)(send_bits >> 8);    /* high */
        tmp[2] = (char)(send_bits);         /* low */
 
        int transferred;
        jtag_libusb_bulk_write(usbprog_jtag->usb_handle, 3, tmp, 3, 1000, &transferred);
 
        /* LOG_INFO("HALLLLOOO3 %i",(int)tmp[0]); */
        int timeout = 0;
        usleep(1);
        while (jtag_libusb_bulk_read(usbprog_jtag->usb_handle, 0x82, tmp, 64, 10, &transferred) != ERROR_OK) {
            timeout++;
            if (timeout > 10)
                break;
        }
 
        for (i = 0; i < loops; i++) {
            swap = tmp[3 + i];
            buffer[fillindex++] = swap;
        }
    }
}
 
static void usbprog_jtag_write_tdi(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, char *buffer, int size)
{
    char tmp[64];   /* fastest packet size for usb controller */
    int send_bits, bufindex = 0, i, loops;
 
    /* 61 byte can be transferred (488 bit) */
    while (size > 0) {
        if (size > 488) {
            send_bits = 488;
            size = size - 488;
            loops = 61;
        } else {
            send_bits = size;
            loops = size/8;
            /* if (loops == 0) */
            loops++;
            size = 0;
        }
        tmp[0] = WRITE_TDI;
        tmp[1] = (char)(send_bits >> 8);    /* high */
        tmp[2] = (char)(send_bits);         /* low */
 
        for (i = 0; i < loops; i++) {
            tmp[3 + i] = buffer[bufindex];
            bufindex++;
        }
        int transferred;
        jtag_libusb_bulk_write(usbprog_jtag->usb_handle, 3, tmp, 64, 1000, &transferred);
    }
}
 
static void usbprog_jtag_write_tms(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, char tms_scan)
{
    usbprog_jtag_tms_collect(tms_scan);
}
 
static void usbprog_jtag_set_direction(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, unsigned char direction)
{
    char tmp[2];
    tmp[0] = PORT_DIRECTION;
    tmp[1] = (char)direction;
    usbprog_jtag_message(usbprog_jtag, tmp, 2);
}
 
static void usbprog_jtag_write_slice(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, unsigned char value)
{
    char tmp[2];
    tmp[0] = PORT_SET;
    tmp[1] = (char)value;
    usbprog_jtag_message(usbprog_jtag, tmp, 2);
}
 
#if 0
static unsigned char usbprog_jtag_get_port(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag)
{
    char tmp[2];
    tmp[0] = PORT_GET;
    tmp[1] = 0x00;
    return usbprog_jtag_message(usbprog_jtag, tmp, 2);
}
#endif
 
static void usbprog_jtag_set_bit(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, int bit, int value)
{
    char tmp[3];
    tmp[0] = PORT_SETBIT;
    tmp[1] = (char)bit;
    if (value == 1)
        tmp[2] = 0x01;
    else
        tmp[2] = 0x00;
    usbprog_jtag_message(usbprog_jtag, tmp, 3);
}
 
#if 0
static int usbprog_jtag_get_bit(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag, int bit)
{
    char tmp[2];
    tmp[0] = PORT_GETBIT;
    tmp[1] = (char)bit;
 
    if (usbprog_jtag_message(usbprog_jtag, tmp, 2) > 0)
        return 1;
    else
        return 0;
}
#endif
 
static void usbprog_jtag_tms_collect(char tms_scan)
{
    tms_chain[tms_chain_index] = tms_scan;
    tms_chain_index++;
}
 
static void usbprog_jtag_tms_send(struct usbprog_jtag *usbprog_jtag)
{
    /* LOG_INFO("TMS SEND"); */
    if (tms_chain_index > 0) {
        char tmp[tms_chain_index + 2];
        tmp[0] = WRITE_TMS_CHAIN;
        tmp[1] = (char)(tms_chain_index);
        for (int i = 0; i < tms_chain_index + 1; i++)
            tmp[2 + i] = tms_chain[i];
        int transferred;
        jtag_libusb_bulk_write(usbprog_jtag->usb_handle, 3, tmp, tms_chain_index + 2, 1000, &transferred);
        tms_chain_index = 0;
    }
}
 
static struct jtag_interface usbprog_interface = {
    .execute_queue = usbprog_execute_queue,
};
 
struct adapter_driver usbprog_adapter_driver = {
    .name = "usbprog",
    .transports = jtag_only,
 
    .init = usbprog_init,
    .quit = usbprog_quit,
 
    .jtag_ops = &usbprog_interface,
};